tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28750255121791135682023-11-16T06:34:54.795-08:00indonesia cornersr.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-36313924987873335922017-01-12T02:35:00.001-08:002019-04-22T20:14:16.484-07:00JP Morgan Hidden Agenda?<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati has terminated the contract with JP Morgan <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Chase Bank NA effective from January 1, 2017. <span style="background: white; color: #222222;">She questioned about JP Morgan’s credibility and professional-ship on conducting</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>their<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>research on cutting down Indonesian asset position<span class="apple-converted-space"> from overweight<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>to become underweight.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">This decision was the outcome of the evaluation of the Finance Ministry on the cooperation with all stakeholders which was carried out in accordance with the principles of professionalism, accountability, and responsibility in order to get mutual benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">“We have high regards on the products and research as done by any institution having good accuracy, methodology, and evaluation. The bigger the institution the bigger the responsibility is to create confidence. We will continue to carry out internal improvement but we don’t have any problem to correct any cooperation”, said she during the press conference on January 3, 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Sri Mulyani said that a national economy was boosted by fundamental as well as psychological factors. The government was openhearted to make any improvement in the future. But she disclosed satirically related to JP Morgan’s research conducted on </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">November </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">12, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">2016</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, which cut down Indonesian asset position from overweight to underweight without credible evaluation.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxLEN0zPxZnnX5g_RZOmZOvfRPyX425iOvil73vUKj-sSO8bae-wIPUhulxEwrq3jSD19S3_fZ2lEYba_9jWy2wXhHcDgLIY6qpYzJntM5w0-ipumig7PUMrNJ7xTJolnKKdtRLPH8Aw/s1600/JP+Morgan-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxLEN0zPxZnnX5g_RZOmZOvfRPyX425iOvil73vUKj-sSO8bae-wIPUhulxEwrq3jSD19S3_fZ2lEYba_9jWy2wXhHcDgLIY6qpYzJntM5w0-ipumig7PUMrNJ7xTJolnKKdtRLPH8Aw/s400/JP+Morgan-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.95pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">JP Morgan argued that the increase in the yield rate and the bond market turmoil beyond Trump post-election would boost the risk premium in the emerging market countries such as Indonesia triggering the increase in Credit Default Swaps (CDS), thereby potentially drove the flow of funds out of Indonesia. JP Morgan recommended, accordingly, resetting the allocation of investors’ portfolio. Not only that, JP Morgan then cut two levels of Indonesian position from "overweight" to "underweight".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">“W</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">e are</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> just</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the losers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">”</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, said Schneider</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, the Director of Strategic and Debt Portfolio, Directorate General of Management, Finance, and Risk, Ministry of Finance. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Besides</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, they secretly buy government bonds cheap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ly</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> and then s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ell them</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> again. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Thus, we just become their</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">toys,"</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Schneider stressed.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">JP Morgan is not a new player in Indonesia and has been in existence since 1968 by opening a branch office in Jakarta, followed by setting up a representative office10 years later. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">company is </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">an agent </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">or</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> a primary dealer (main seller) of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">government bonds </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and, as such, </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">should </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">look</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> for buyer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">for</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> Government Securities (SBN). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">On the contrary, however, they</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> recomm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">end investors</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">for </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">selling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> SBN that obviously make the</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> investors </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">don’t </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">want to buy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> SBN.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6px;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">This 200 years old company is a leading global provider of financial services with assets of $ 2 trillion and operations in more than 60 countries. The company leads the market share in investment banking, personal financial services, small business, and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27Ok9mtVGpu_P8DjRv2VOgFO6MyMt-CNp22kqzlS99lBR-PVI_6ryfbud0U0ssyCeyGZp7X8nCO3ixylMxEQqjci44ayTj3pGg2E2VM4axEzfEoctkBF5WUdYYapkyTn_d5oM7evzi2I/s1600/JP+Morgan-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27Ok9mtVGpu_P8DjRv2VOgFO6MyMt-CNp22kqzlS99lBR-PVI_6ryfbud0U0ssyCeyGZp7X8nCO3ixylMxEQqjci44ayTj3pGg2E2VM4axEzfEoctkBF5WUdYYapkyTn_d5oM7evzi2I/s400/JP+Morgan-02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">This f</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">inancial institution </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">repeatedly </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">looked down
upon</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">
Indonesia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> position</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">as </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">it has been making the same </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">“mistakes”, </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">which
caused a strong reaction </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesian</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> government for </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">misleading</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">research.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> I</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">n 2015 JP Morgan ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">de the</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> then
Finance Minister Bambang Brodjonegoro furious </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">upon their </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">recommendation </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">for </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">global investors to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">sell their</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">asset</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> ownership</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> of Indonesia.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;">“The one having a big name like JP Morgan should have big
responsibility to create positive, instead of misleading psychology. We evaluate
all stakeholders in order to receive the same message, since we want to
cooperate positively and continue to make improvement in any internal policy,”
she said adding that the contract termination with JP Morgan spotlighted the
signal to all Indonesia stakeholders to maintain partnership under mutual
respect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;">“This is the signal that the state should be managed
properly and seriously. We maintain the Republic professionally though it
doesn’t mean that all are done perfectly. Still, we continue to improve
ourselves professionally, accountably, openly having mutual respect,” she
added.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.95pt; margin-bottom: 13.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia government should,
indeed, be prudent to appoint their agent for the main seller of the government
bonds. Indonesia is a big country with such a big population and natural
resources can’t be played down by one or two financial companies, however big
they are, having a hidden agenda either financially or even worse politically.</span></div>
</div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-80823688589731037052016-11-23T19:19:00.002-08:002019-04-22T20:19:07.196-07:00Suspicious Stance over Increasing Illegal China Workers<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The regional
political tension in the South China Sea (SCS) is escalating following the China rejection
of the whole verdict of the Permanent Tribunal Arbitration in The Hague on July
12, 2016. On top of China Government statement, all Chinese media <span style="background: white;">warned in </span>an angry tone that there could be <span style="background: white;">a military escalation</span> after the verdict that
they considered as <span style="background: white;">an ill-founded ruling that
was naturally null and void and had ignored basic truths and trampled on
international laws and norms. The media included Xinhua, the country’s official
news agency, the nationalistic Global Times tabloid controlled by the Communist
party and the People’s Daily, the Communist party mouthpiece new</span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Under
such China menacing attitude, one should appreciate the warning of Prof. Yusril
Izha Mahendra, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">x-Minister of Justice and Human Rights</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Amir Hamza, Chairman of Geo-politics Department of
Renaissance Institute, on the danger of increasing China workforces, executing
various big projects in Indonesia, both legally and illegally. The potential danger arises when Indonesia permitted Chinese workers to make their entries
into Indonesia, in exchange for some big projects they financed, say,
rapid-train Jakarta-Bandung or Steam Power Generating Center in Celukan Bawang,
Buleleng, Bali. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kUEUv9SvrMLNgZ3v39TimEaDWJlW9kaMC3kSGIr8Ru_3ndbyGT-E9raZTSuybnmWxzHGmQ_SpwGB-n-lkxeVfm0HbV7Q1Qe-rjBTjh-dGB-5Lck5D5YAKNaQ3vDCt2qAG8XiMMMinNc/s1600/Illegal+Workers-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kUEUv9SvrMLNgZ3v39TimEaDWJlW9kaMC3kSGIr8Ru_3ndbyGT-E9raZTSuybnmWxzHGmQ_SpwGB-n-lkxeVfm0HbV7Q1Qe-rjBTjh-dGB-5Lck5D5YAKNaQ3vDCt2qAG8XiMMMinNc/s400/Illegal+Workers-01.jpg" width="398" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The potential problem of a big number of
Chinese workers and other civilian people entry started to arise with the visit of the Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Liu Yandong attending the bilateral meeting held at the
Campus of Indonesia University in Depok on May 27, 2015. A memorandum of an understanding was signed, where both countries agreed to exchange 10 million
people in 2020 with the aim to have close cooperation in politics, economics,
trading and humanism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Rumor said that since then thousands of Chinese
workers have arrived here, many of whom were in the postures of highly trained
soldiers, to be employed in projects financed by Government of China. Prof. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Yusril Izha Mahendra was quoted as saying that</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the existence of such a big number of Chinese workers will certainly cause social,
politics and economic problems. Prof. Yusril was absolutely right and we must share his
anxiety towards the current situation in Indonesia today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">political expert, Amir Hamza, reminded us of the history
that can repeat itself related to what was happened in Tibet early 1950s. He presented
an example of hostile take-over of an independent country, such as Tibet, as
done by Chinese military personnel who disguised as project workers. “Once Tibet
was an independent government with its own sovereignty, but China grabbed a
good opportunity taking the advantage of projects they constructed at various
parts of the country to carry out their hidden agenda. One day the highly
trained Chinese soldiers who disguised as workers launched a surprise
military attack and colonized the country. Even Tibetan leader, Dalai Lama, had
to become a refugee and needed to find out political protection in other countries,” told he. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Experts with keen
eyes pointed out that, if millions of Chinese workers are equipped with
firearms, Indonesia can be wiped out within a few days. Even thousands of agents
completed with high explosive bombs and heavy arms are enough to topple down
Indonesian independence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The danger may be
imminent and we cannot just ignore it. We used to think conventionally that the
danger might happen only when the Army’s high officials launch coup d’état or
if foreign countries’ soldiers equipped with heavy arms inundate our country.
But we never imagine that the creeping foreign coup d’état can take place
silently.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU89rDnB6uHT4bXPOy1hdpsZh96TEWWcA_7DCXY5Yrj69ioR1Z8qhVBPdI0EPVEurgTVct4a-Ao1EFWTJnMLk5SJ024konK7Wz9xZMCJAfvTQ61Qgs6MqlT64BmkqZNpAj6IfV4xReebM/s1600/Illegal+Workers-02A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU89rDnB6uHT4bXPOy1hdpsZh96TEWWcA_7DCXY5Yrj69ioR1Z8qhVBPdI0EPVEurgTVct4a-Ao1EFWTJnMLk5SJ024konK7Wz9xZMCJAfvTQ61Qgs6MqlT64BmkqZNpAj6IfV4xReebM/s400/Illegal+Workers-02A.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Though the
government has announced that the issue was just a rumor, one thing is clear:
thousands or could be millions of Chinese workers, hopefully, they are not
disguised highly trained soldiers, have arrived here, legally or illegally.
Don’t forget those silent activities towards the revival of Indonesian Communist
Party (PKI) are rising before our very eyes who most people are unbelievably
laughing on it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Majority of people
believe that communism was already dead and fearing about its revival is just
like seeing a ghost in the midday. Notwithstanding, what has taken place in Tibet
might happen here in Indonesia under a similar scenario. People’s anxiety
should also be the government’s anxiety. Therefore, we need to raise our voice
as loud as we can, before this theory of silent hostile take-over will turn out
into a nightmare.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-10959647857127836152016-07-19T21:31:00.002-07:002019-04-22T20:21:06.405-07:00Could Beijing Prove Their Historical Exclusive Exercise Control Over SCS? <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The long-awaited <span style="background: white; color: #333333;">international tribunal </span>verdict declaring
that Chinese Nine-Dash Line had no legal basis came with no surprise. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #26282a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">The July 12, 2016 verdict </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">was just a simple ‘translation’ of
what was written in UNCLOS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #26282a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">1982. What was new was its declaration on
the fact that there was </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">no evidence that China had historically exercised
exclusive control over SCS</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">It was no surprise
either that China rejected the whole verdict and declared it as null and void.
They claimed that the Nine-Dash Line was nothing to do with maritime
delimitation but the territorial sovereignty issue. The court has, therefore,
no authority to put a hand on SCS dispute. They considered that the issue should
be resolved among the conflicting nations and thus will handle it and do
business as usual. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexPgr89U5aeM99HQ8MeLX6l7O-EPn0i2eP3BmTQceHeLK5MvODQ3bwDldK7PhBV2VVBT3NJ9Vj2C_jT17XA3tq3IEq9Ch9wMxQFNfdjbJWAxslCPQX0GdyEn4GoAyKgPWvelcsnePglo/s1600/The+Haque+Verdict01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexPgr89U5aeM99HQ8MeLX6l7O-EPn0i2eP3BmTQceHeLK5MvODQ3bwDldK7PhBV2VVBT3NJ9Vj2C_jT17XA3tq3IEq9Ch9wMxQFNfdjbJWAxslCPQX0GdyEn4GoAyKgPWvelcsnePglo/s400/The+Haque+Verdict01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Already
United States, Japan, and Australia openly demanded China to observe the
Tribunal Verdict and European Union (EU) plan to do the same soon. However, no indication
that ASEAN having direct interest on the SCS will follow suit, which is very
gloomy, and not even a single word of sympathy uttered towards their dear college
Philippine who won the case. F</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">uriously China </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">warned any country who criticized Chinese challenging attitude for not </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">turn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ing</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">SCS</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> into a war</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> arena.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Just a few </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">days after the verdict, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">China
announced they </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">were planning to close off a
part of the South China Sea for military exercises for a couple days. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Obviously, China can do what they want to. But instead of showing forces
at least China should clarify to the international community who waited for
China to challenge the Tribunal Verdict that they have indeed very strong
evidence on historical exercise exclusive control over SCS such as the details
proves on when, where, what and which armada that had ruled the SCS waves. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIunyMQMIrGtCrB64UzH38jWvGdbyZiq64uFb3Ug5bYwK-xa9R35Smjy8owW9_Mm-4U-gDy_QaVmBQO8lRhsmpDrnqosc5YAdNozePo1ZfNXfkt8vXEads0mNXwqI4I_jXjZJs-FSyMA/s1600/The+Haque+Verdict02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIunyMQMIrGtCrB64UzH38jWvGdbyZiq64uFb3Ug5bYwK-xa9R35Smjy8owW9_Mm-4U-gDy_QaVmBQO8lRhsmpDrnqosc5YAdNozePo1ZfNXfkt8vXEads0mNXwqI4I_jXjZJs-FSyMA/s400/The+Haque+Verdict02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">The
history, however, recorded only three important Chinese maritime military expeditions.
The first and second expeditions were to the North towards Japan which both
failed because of naval disaster as the whole armadas were wiped out by
‘kamikaze’ typhoon (1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">274 and 1281</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> AD). The third expedition was to the South purposely to invade Java in 1292 AD. The expedition was doomed
to failure as the Javanese exercised their tactical trick of burning nearly the
whole armadas behind the Chinese Army who had landed and trapped at the middle
of unfamiliar rain forest which then became the capital of Majapahit, one of
the biggest Indonesia ancient empires.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">As far as
Natuna EEZ concern, the Tribunal Verdict doesn't have much effect on Indonesia determination to
exercise its control over Natuna EEZ. Obviously it strengthens Indonesia EEZ status, however, with or without the verdict, Indonesia position is already firmed that there never exists a maritime overlapping with China in Natuna EEZ. And if they think otherwise, it is not Indonesian concerned at all. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ba3PfNOxC5YfytlQzBLRSgIdVDw2CiHV-kR3_36GtFEDoEUA8IJSXbv5GaW7FTHTTdZ-PT_11Q-ck8j9cDZ-yEUTV6y-a_TKmynFQMLuLn-vLDrFnY4HpTmruVyUbIJQ5-jpwyxfO3o/s1600/The+Haque+Verdict03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ba3PfNOxC5YfytlQzBLRSgIdVDw2CiHV-kR3_36GtFEDoEUA8IJSXbv5GaW7FTHTTdZ-PT_11Q-ck8j9cDZ-yEUTV6y-a_TKmynFQMLuLn-vLDrFnY4HpTmruVyUbIJQ5-jpwyxfO3o/s400/The+Haque+Verdict03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">For
Indonesia having a good relationship with China is strategically important both economically and politically. However, none of Indonesia people ever thinks that even a bit of Indonesian territorial, as well as its EEZ, is for sale. Indonesia is a peaceful country
and doesn’t have any appetite to expand its territory and consider its neighboring countries to have the same attitude. Notwithstanding, Indonesia
should now be more prudent towards certain campaigns such as the mystification of a certain legendary foreign maritime figures, the proposal to jointly building the 21th-century maritime silk road, the increasing number of illegal foreign work-forces in various big projects. Last but not least, the sudden movement towards
the revival of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) whatever weak it is, such as the
circulation of their logo and banners, the demand for state apology towards PKI, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-84788381670427245852016-06-29T02:36:00.000-07:002019-04-22T20:23:04.311-07:00Vaccine Forgery: the New Extraordinary Crime<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">A big shocking </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">crime</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">spread out</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">throughout</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the country</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> scaring many citizens mainly parents who have babies and
young children.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">B</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ut this time </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">the extraordinary crime </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">doesn’t come from
terrorism or </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">narcotic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">drugs but vaccine
forgery. Nobody expects that there can be some human have the heart to fabricate vaccine
forgery. The stake is horrifying as it affects the fate of thousands of babies and
children and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> future generation as a whole.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">And </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">at everybody surprise, this </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">horrible </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">crime
has lasted for more than a decade. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The crime broke out
to the grand public when o</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">n June 22, 2016 night, police raided a
house in Kemang Pratama Regency Real Estate, Bekasi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The h</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">omeowner w</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">as a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">married couple arrested</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> under
the accusation of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">vaccine</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> forgery,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">which </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">they </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">carried out </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">in the house. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The couple, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Taufiqurahman </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and R</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. Agustina,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> had just arrived at home after conducting </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">fasting night
prayer (</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">tarawih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">the compound </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">mosque. Investigators found thousands of bottles of vaccine that </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">have </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">been packed in boxes ready for distribution stored in the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">prayer
room</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> and bedroom.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7I9yv6KYv_5UGD-tMa1L6Zw5DZUV4yTKxoCfOo76mCoE8N9IF-cBa0rF8IaNLYRstSs9_ColYD7C2qHJ3wp-bMMyRkSl8-eHOjus7327k82QBAUtfu4oXUfitkNkZJkRHrP8kce03JBM/s1600/Vaksin-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7I9yv6KYv_5UGD-tMa1L6Zw5DZUV4yTKxoCfOo76mCoE8N9IF-cBa0rF8IaNLYRstSs9_ColYD7C2qHJ3wp-bMMyRkSl8-eHOjus7327k82QBAUtfu4oXUfitkNkZJkRHrP8kce03JBM/s400/Vaksin-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Police have seized
a total of 15 suspects of vaccine forgery among other manufacturers, owners of
pharmacies, drug stores, distributors, couriers and label printer at several
locations, among others Bekasi, East Jakarta, Tangerang, Subang, and Semarang. Police
also examine 18 witnesses from hospitals, pharmacies, and drugstores. As a
result, it was revealed four hospitals and two pharmacies and a drug store in
Jakarta involved in the circulation of fake vaccines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The perpetrators told
the police that they used tetanus fluid mixed with intravenous fluid as the main
raw materials of their fake vaccine. Both raw materials were put into bottles with
false labels. The sad story continues as the vaccine is not produced in a hygienic
laboratory but in a warehouse.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgErmzzUSRYK612OzR-UyqRiNsZbQkoqUfN2j0xNwnqUTGYCqkkCGN9GbGUKoYqvwLtUxONyUdCN88250dH7DSYTT2AYEaU-uMGFpX3GM7iDckXCzCZvjZfMwW7g1iKr0_lvbe-wTWl548/s1600/Vaksin-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgErmzzUSRYK612OzR-UyqRiNsZbQkoqUfN2j0xNwnqUTGYCqkkCGN9GbGUKoYqvwLtUxONyUdCN88250dH7DSYTT2AYEaU-uMGFpX3GM7iDckXCzCZvjZfMwW7g1iKr0_lvbe-wTWl548/s400/Vaksin-02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The main question
is why the fake vaccine can be distributed without being detected for quite a
long time? What the Health Ministry and Drugs and Food Examining Body (BPOM) did
for so long time? Those institutions and the government as a whole were accused
to be negligent in taking care of public health. Head of BPOM seemed not to
take full responsibility on what had happened arguing that their authority so
far was limited and wanted it to be widely extended to be able to cope with
such crime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The past experience
indicated that even the law enforcers and could be the whole society had looked
on the vaccine forgery crime very lightly. Several years ago, one of the
perpetrators who was taken into the prison had been sentenced for only one year.
And surprisingly there was no reaction from the people against such light verdict
for so extraordinary crime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcFHqd5ffygogF_MBAgkThMTCUjmF-urtvz9VOfXAS7SfBU9ZCMHH7zDMk6azRdqLIaA_L3rXjQdKHgq3uTXfAEqQShfEwTWszOi8ivJojMi6oqC5rxvTS8nWalCJmgcRTtTvVdA-Exbc/s1600/Vaksin-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcFHqd5ffygogF_MBAgkThMTCUjmF-urtvz9VOfXAS7SfBU9ZCMHH7zDMk6azRdqLIaA_L3rXjQdKHgq3uTXfAEqQShfEwTWszOi8ivJojMi6oqC5rxvTS8nWalCJmgcRTtTvVdA-Exbc/s400/Vaksin-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Numerous mothers were
horrified and anxious that their babies and children who had been vaccinated were
infused with a fake vaccine and demanded re-vaccination. They have every
right to demand such requirement and the government should be positively responsive.
Having informed such a horrible crime, President Jokowi outraged and declared
that the vaccine forgery was an extraordinary crime. He asked the law enforcer
to impose maximum punishment to perpetrators. When asked about the death
penalty, Health Minister agreed to implement such a major sentence and their
properties to be confiscated. For deterrence, it is quite appropriate if the
government implemented sterner punishment to protect the public from such abominable
wrongdoing.</span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-46889350849746672572016-06-22T23:24:00.003-07:002019-04-22T20:25:52.118-07:00Seize China Fishing Boat in Natuna EEZ, No Compromise About It<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia has long
settled the boundary around Natuna EEZ in accordance with UNCLOS with its
neighboring countries. The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">boundary is now there </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">firmly
set up and recognized </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">internationally except China. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia regards China’s unilateral claim on the part of Natuna EEZ </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">as their fishing ground</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> is baseless. For Indonesia, holding n</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">egotiation with any country </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">who tries to challenge its EEZ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">useless</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China ha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> a dual system in running their country. In </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">dealing with </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">government affairs, it's Communist Party who takes the charge while in business the party allows the government to adopt</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> liberalism</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. The</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> Communist Party knows that their</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Nine Dash-lines product will </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">confront the ASEAN countries' interest</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> in South
China Sea (SCS)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> while at the same time are willing to keep the business relationship with ASEAN countries intact</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China doesn’t seem confident in what they do in Natuna water. They are always escorting their
fishing boats with their coastguards, the funniest thing that a country has
ever done. This is exactly what happened related to incidents taking in Natuna EEZ. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The last incident occurred on June 18, 2016, when the Navy's KRI Imam Bonjol 383 chased twelve Chinese fishing vessels a firing towards one of them (</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Yueyandong Yu 19038</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">) after giving several warnings in concordance with the standard procedure. The warship commander stood firm and simply ignored the Chinese coastguards that tried to interfere with the vessel seizing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiua4Q63vbLj9IZlyUJlbaVRUwjbPwrTcBU9e5P9KsYCV_2CZIX6PL7FGXFsK6u1aIcADzDSgCk4nF0LBbrt62MfaTk3Joc632EUBJJO40JUbmiuUaST5NIesR4mwXPJk5IUYske2NTh4Y/s1600/kapal+cina-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiua4Q63vbLj9IZlyUJlbaVRUwjbPwrTcBU9e5P9KsYCV_2CZIX6PL7FGXFsK6u1aIcADzDSgCk4nF0LBbrt62MfaTk3Joc632EUBJJO40JUbmiuUaST5NIesR4mwXPJk5IUYske2NTh4Y/s400/kapal+cina-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The maneuver of so many China fishing boats could be suspected to </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">test the water rather than </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">solely catching the fish. Having faced with such a situation, Indonesia must show their stern position to the world that Indonesia would never back off no matter the provocation comes from.
For Indonesia, the integrity of its EEZ is a matter of principle and will defend
it at all cost.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia should be very cautious towards the sincerity of China's statement on their recognition on the Natuna Islands as an integral part of Indonesia territory. It is now clear that China recognizes only the islands but not
their surrounding water. The issue becomes more dangerous as <span style="background: white;">China had issued a position paper in December 2014, that the
dispute in SCS was basically a
matter of sovereignty, not exploitation rights</span>. Does China have a hidden
agenda that sometime in the future they will claim the Dash-lines crossing Natuna EEZ as the
delimitation of their sovereignty? </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2l153BUYHaGutNFtRhtcMgvuMjzy7gzpsIwOyHuY_hoDU323l4-6mwxg3LD2T0cD1u2R9zNs-5qlS3wmAEJWqXFpcArdGTS-8g9cfcpmxv6eFwfPTQuMlXwFrGE1cPM43-hKxV_D7mk/s1600/Kapal+Indonesia-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2l153BUYHaGutNFtRhtcMgvuMjzy7gzpsIwOyHuY_hoDU323l4-6mwxg3LD2T0cD1u2R9zNs-5qlS3wmAEJWqXFpcArdGTS-8g9cfcpmxv6eFwfPTQuMlXwFrGE1cPM43-hKxV_D7mk/s400/Kapal+Indonesia-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Being aware of
China aggressiveness in imposing its claim, Indonesia could no longer maintain its neutral position</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. Indonesia should not behave like an ostrich and being selfish
ignoring their fellows ASEAN desperately confronting head-to-head with China in SCS. ASEAN
should stand united against China and as the
biggest nation among the community, Indonesia should stand in front. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">One example of the embarrassing diplomatic move was what happened in ASEAN foreign ministers
meeting in Kunming, China, June 14, 2016. It was sad to see that ASEAN was broken apart letting China take the leading role <span style="color: #333333;">pressuring ASEAN countries to adopt Beijing’s stance in SCS. China has</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> been </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">keep</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ing</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> eyes on the gas-rich area in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">SCS and possibly in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Natuna</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> water as well. Their claim on the right to exploit marine resources in Natuna sea could be extended to the right to exploit continental shelf beneath. This suspicion is logic if we look to what they did to build an oil platform in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Vietnam off</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">shore in 2014 which they claimed as theirs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China claimed that the Nine Dash-Lines was marine empire boundary established in the era of the Ming Dynasty around 12<sup>th</sup>
century. Historically, it is doubted that China ever ruled
the waves imposing their power even on SCS. China was never becoming a maritime country and even if they were so, it should occur in a very short period. Indonesia, on the other hand, was a
maritime nation for a long time. A</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">t the era of Sriwijaya in the 8</span><sup style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> century and Majapahit in the 14</span><sup style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> century, the Royal Navy </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">conquered what is now known as Indonesian archipelago,
Malaysia included, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Gajah Mada, one of the great Majapahit warlords, sent big expeditions far west to Madagascar (the island bears his name) and some in smaller groups had
sailed up north as far Taiwan and Japan. The people in Sulawesi and the
eastern part of Indonesia had traditionally sailed off far to the east across the Pacific Ocean reaching as far as New Zealand in the south, Hawaii and Eastern Islands in the remote east, the vast area that was known as the world of Tagaroa, the name of their common marine god. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsGJ9UQF7_KqAItEByt1KN44IDLktsX4fNIP92qp2v1TPWLRpZSv5-wHWYBpmGmJmZZRNk3EZO5E7Do5Uj2T-50gMxxUPJYsJ2jgLnxaGpkGj1q0Nxb8pS5LDQNdDFKQin-MgNfCN81Y/s1600/kapal+cina-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsGJ9UQF7_KqAItEByt1KN44IDLktsX4fNIP92qp2v1TPWLRpZSv5-wHWYBpmGmJmZZRNk3EZO5E7Do5Uj2T-50gMxxUPJYsJ2jgLnxaGpkGj1q0Nxb8pS5LDQNdDFKQin-MgNfCN81Y/s400/kapal+cina-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The wooden boat generation, known as Phinisi, which was used by Indonesian ancestors still survive until today going around across the archipelago. Several expeditions have been done using the replica of the ancient wooden
boats heading to Madagascar and just recently to Japan proving that such journeys were not pure historical tales. Indonesia has more justification than what
China did in claiming its maritime empire. Indonesia could include a much wider area
by drawing Nine Thousand Dash-Lines covering those historical maritime areas, SCS included. However, Indonesia was not that crazy to seriously pose such a
notorious claim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkBkUArVjoZr0nUc3JOdsrN014YUct6WQPW0kBVftP9Cv9lJhy8G_ihQL2b-4CUrlZYRbBN-W3kwOIzWieSaY7LNpgdDCxbWV7FaykruEHQ3XyUaPRiVgUQlAldAP0AXoUFN0wrAIIlc/s1600/kapal+cina-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkBkUArVjoZr0nUc3JOdsrN014YUct6WQPW0kBVftP9Cv9lJhy8G_ihQL2b-4CUrlZYRbBN-W3kwOIzWieSaY7LNpgdDCxbWV7FaykruEHQ3XyUaPRiVgUQlAldAP0AXoUFN0wrAIIlc/s400/kapal+cina-4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-12970089269899397952016-05-24T01:04:00.000-07:002019-04-22T20:28:44.796-07:00Do Government Really Need Asking Apology to G30S Event?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">For
more than 30 years<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>subsequent<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>to 1965 G30S abortive coup, the government
had discriminated<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PKI members and
their descendants from others. All ex-PKI members had their identity cards
labeled with ‘ET’ (ex-political prisoners) code which made them almost
impossible to get a formal job or enroll in higher education.
Furthermore, as every citizen should get a ‘G30S free’ record from the police
office, PKI descendants face similar obstacles. Worst come worst, most people still
stigmatized them as reprobates and just about segregated them from the rest of society. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Nobody, however,
blamed such a harsh policy. How could it be? People at that time were extremely traumatic
about what PKI did beforehand. Since 1960 PKI raised political tension by provoking
their adversaries using slogans ‘seven city-devils’ and ‘seven village-devils’.
Almost every day they provoked and created conflicting incidents and polarity
among citizens. And it reached a climax when they murdered top-level generals
at the night of 30 September 1965 using Tjakrabirawa hands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgo27xO39X0VuPmwVVP88u7bfp7Y6lno_oGXoeyAMJdqIh74tY6h79Q1pT1czAQLePNmNl36YSSQT2Q-t8yr53xGJN0RganDJvAO3xY6QBacKb5L4K0HhaaUnq2m9gBqk69re4Ohvb2MA/s1600/Rekonsiliasi01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgo27xO39X0VuPmwVVP88u7bfp7Y6lno_oGXoeyAMJdqIh74tY6h79Q1pT1czAQLePNmNl36YSSQT2Q-t8yr53xGJN0RganDJvAO3xY6QBacKb5L4K0HhaaUnq2m9gBqk69re4Ohvb2MA/s400/Rekonsiliasi01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">And all the sudden the
hell broke loose. By then PKI movement was totally losing its morality ground.
People saw that it was PKI who the real monster and was eligible to be scrapped
from the earth. People were still traumatic from PKI brutality in 1948 where
PKI slaughtered many of its adversaries. People ran amok and for many, it was a
matter of to be or not to be. The bloodshed was spread out but now the victims
were PKI members. The anger towards PKI deed was so widespread that eventually, the government banned PKI followed by MPR’s decree banning the communist
ideology throughout the country for good. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Now 50 years later,
there are always people who take lightly PKI latent danger. There are even some
who are still doubtful about the role of PKI behind the incident and allege the
movement was TNI internal conflict. There is a growing demand especially from PKI
descendants </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">for </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">justice and the government’s apology for ‘1965 genocide’ against
PKI members. The movement was supported and facilitated by the National Human
Rights Commission </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">(Komnas HAM)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">demanding
for national reconciliation. One of the proponents was Nursyahbani
Katjasungkana, a noted lawyer, who went further by</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">submitting the issue to International Tribunal Court in Den
Haag last year in order to attract international attention. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Lt. Gen. (ret.)
Agus Widjojo Sutoyo</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, on the other </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">side</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">had an idealistic move by </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">broadening </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">the
scope establishing the so-called </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Brotherhood </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Forum for Nation
Descendant </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Generation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> in 2003 aimed to reconcile both
opposite sides who felt victims of either in G30S, DII / TII or PRRI
rebellions. However, when he organized a symposium a few months ago, most
attendants were PKI descendants and sympathizers. Ironically, this even caused
him being accused as PKI proponent albeit his father General Sutoyo was one of
PKI victims fiercely dumped into the crocodile pit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQlR8z_z11_eWdE3CDnFjTvmY33oS0N5v6UlluruX_ifbJ1g1o86kZWGnQLvNfZbTqwGBEkiPcn8fFJpHP-V8hMcT4PmZZpogPXxiP_gt84D8T6ml-_1NHDTkE-je0_KGdAaFQ7s_WiDI/s1600/Rekonsiliasi02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQlR8z_z11_eWdE3CDnFjTvmY33oS0N5v6UlluruX_ifbJ1g1o86kZWGnQLvNfZbTqwGBEkiPcn8fFJpHP-V8hMcT4PmZZpogPXxiP_gt84D8T6ml-_1NHDTkE-je0_KGdAaFQ7s_WiDI/s400/Rekonsiliasi02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Having done that, instead
of gaining sympathy from the grand public, the reaction towards the movement of
PKI descendants were furious. They made the sleeping hard-liner factions mainly
from Islamic factions wide awake. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Here are a few of the
examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">At Islamic Student
Association of Indonesia (PII) Grand Reunion in Denpasar, last year, Director
of CICS, Arukat DJ stated that PKI latent danger has bounced back
metamorphosing anywhere. The new shape of the communist organization has undergone many
changes. They started to openly voice their interests, not in a humble gathering
but holding instead meetings in luxurious hotels. Historically, PKI revolts in
1948 and 1965 caused a lot of casualties and, therefore, any demand asking for
the government’s apology must be rejected. People in East Java will be the first
to oppose it, he concluded. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The Front of Islamic
People (FUI) released their harsh reaction voicing their seven demands, among
others: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">PKI movements and
casualties resulted from them must be regarded not only starting from 1965 but
also from 1946.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Defense
Minister should introduce Ideology Resilience as a curriculum, particularly
putting stress on the danger of communist ideology.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Involve
Islamic scholars and students of Islamic Dormitory School for State Defense
Program.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">End the discourse of government apology to PKI.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Halt the
search for mass graves and declare PKI as the perpetrator of crimes against
humanity.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The government
should instruct TVRI to re-broadcast the G30S/PKI movement movie annually as
before.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia
University historian, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Abdurakhman</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> reminds those historical events are part of the learning
process and the G30S/PKI tragedy was no exception. The important thing is not relating
to the commemoration of the event but on how the learning process can be drawn from
it. People should comprehend the values of Pancasila not just merely knowing them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJNjs3kkXfQ4X95ja-ZYvBYhPbhiMZJ4j0wnc2Uv22fp-uqML6-mN4BEny6HEjPfCxCuE-O4d8n1BMP_r3s9ARg6S4_z0omux8UQ8FHqA8D2BUlUeZuQKUfmURCtoSuf9FU6wlfETnEr8/s1600/Rekonsiliasi03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJNjs3kkXfQ4X95ja-ZYvBYhPbhiMZJ4j0wnc2Uv22fp-uqML6-mN4BEny6HEjPfCxCuE-O4d8n1BMP_r3s9ARg6S4_z0omux8UQ8FHqA8D2BUlUeZuQKUfmURCtoSuf9FU6wlfETnEr8/s400/Rekonsiliasi03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Meanwhile Minister
of Defense Ryamizard Ryacudu strongly reminds that PKI has a harmful insidious
ideology and its school of thoughts and associated symbols must be eradicated.
The history demonstrates that the existence of PKI always caused political upheaval
and bloodshed spread everywhere. No PKI resurgence could be tolerated and for
good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Lesson learned. The
G30S tragedy and the PKI fate should be closed in the sense that it becomes a
historical part of the nation building. The reconciliation should be considered
as being done. Nobody now discriminates PKI members or their descendants, no
further card identity labeling and no further free-G30S record needed. Everybody
should understand the universal order of cause and effect. The victims
were not only from PKI sides but also from its adversaries. To demand the
government’s apology will only create a political uproar. Socially, but not
historically, everybody should forget tragedies that now become the past and
look forward to a better future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-1258374563940096162016-03-23T04:02:00.001-07:002019-04-22T20:33:21.915-07:00China Never Recognizes Indonesian EEZ in Natuna Sea<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">On Monday, March 21, 2016, the Indonesian Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi, called the Charge d'Affaires of Chinese
Embassy, Sun Wei Dei, protesting him for China aggressive violation on
Indonesian right over their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around Natuna islands.
She put stress, in addition, that Indonesia is not among the
claimant countries over the South China Sea (SCS) so it is inappropriate for
China to launch such aggressive action.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The incident which took place on Saturday, March
19, 2016 happened when Kway Fey 10078, Chinese fishing
ship, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ran around and </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">collide</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">d in purpose the </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesian coast guard KP Hiu 11 that pursued it</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Three Indonesian officials jumped</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> and took over</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the Chinese </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">boat transferring the Chinese crew into KP Hiu
and guarded </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Kway Fey</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> towards Natuna nearest base. On the way back
just about entering into Indonesian territorial sea, a Chinese coast guard
ship that silently pursued them unexpectedly collided and immobilized </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Kway
Fey. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Anticipating
an aggravated situation, the three Indonesian</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">officials</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">jumped back to KP Hiu
abandoning Kway Fey</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">which was then tugged away by Chinese coast guard
ship</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> to their nearest base in
SCS</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">KP Hiu 11, however, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">kept </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">arrest</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ing</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> Chinese </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">crew</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and brought them to Tiga Natuna island </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">base </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">waiting for a legal process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">
The incident showed that China never </span><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.4667px;">recognizes</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> Indonesian EEZ in the Natuna Sea.
Chinese Charge d'Affaires clearly and openly stated that the fishing boat was
operating in Chinese traditional fishing ground, not in Indonesia water. It
is now clear for Indonesia that the issue is not merely on illegal
fishing but far more seriously than that i.e. a maritime boundary
dispute. </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"><br />
T</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">he lesson never learned</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">Indonesia</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">is</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">always</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">naive when</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">facing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">a dispute such as in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">continental shelf</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">or</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">EEZ boundaries </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">issue</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">. Indonesia had</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">a bad experience with
Malaysia in Sipadan dispute</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">because of </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> naivety. Now, when we have a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">maritime incident</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">with</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">China in Natuna Sea EEZ,
again we</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">cannot</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">see</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">what the bottom line is</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">. Apart from several
Indonesian ministerial protests put forward</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">to</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> the </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">Chinese Embassy, the
Indonesian Foreign Minister seemed</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">satisfying herself by stating the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">China</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">recognition over Indonesian</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">sovereignty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">on the Natuna</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">Islands and the right over their</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">sea water.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">The minister failed, however, to notice that</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">China</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">only stated their recognition on</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">Natuna sea water</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">and never mentioned about</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;">Indonesian EEZ. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 13.85pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">If we</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">look at</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">SCS map,</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">it is obvious that</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China never</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">challenge</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">claims Indonesia sovereignty upon the Natuna Islands</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Th</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">e</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Chinese nine-dash lines</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">were c</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">learly</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">drawn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">crossing towards inside of
our EEZ/Continental Shelf</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">in the up north of Natuna Islands. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia gain</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> nothing on China recognition on Indonesian
sovereignty over Natuna islands as the Chinese nine-dash line already show
it. </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> indeed
recognize</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the Natuna
island as Indonesian territory and </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">sea water but it doesn’t mean that </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">it </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">recognize</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the whole Natuna EEZ area. There is an obvious
overlap between Chinese dash lines and our EEZ in the up north (see the strip
lines on the map). Behaving </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">like an ostrich,
Indonesia pretends as though Chinese nine-dash lines will never pose any
threat to Indonesia. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">As a non-claimant country, Indonesia believes that the Chinese side will do similarly. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Now it is time for Indonesia
to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">explicitly refuse
recognizing China nine-dash lines</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">that cross</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> the </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesian EEZ/Continental Shelf or elsewhere</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> they are very remote from China mainland
giving almost no room for their adversary countries to have their own EEZ. From
the beginning Indonesia should judge this as Chinese injustice arrogance
towards the international community especially </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> SCS neighboring countries, ignoring the basic
principles of UNCLOS 1982. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKv0oj9CCUSoiOl9a6kXQqUVeBCcKpFbr2_thDmRvCwi-vJTK8i7ksGrOPj_ecDTeMGPJY1Oxf8vR-KwIjCq7rRAzTJA7zR-eG3G6glihdXtkBjxSSmacf_pyW8TZtuoGXrLHAXqaJ5PU/s1600/Natuna-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKv0oj9CCUSoiOl9a6kXQqUVeBCcKpFbr2_thDmRvCwi-vJTK8i7ksGrOPj_ecDTeMGPJY1Oxf8vR-KwIjCq7rRAzTJA7zR-eG3G6glihdXtkBjxSSmacf_pyW8TZtuoGXrLHAXqaJ5PU/s400/Natuna-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia should immediately withdraw its
naïve role as a mediator, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">behaving like a
good kid in the block </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">dreaming that Beijing will be
sincere towards Jakarta. China may be stunned or even mocked about
Indonesian</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">naivety as being </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">itself</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> a target but behave</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> as though nothing harmful will happen to </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> Sooner or later Beijing will show
</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> true
determinism in imposing the whole nine-dash lines into effect including the
section that crossing Indonesian EEZ/Continental Shelf. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">And the time now comes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">w</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">hen</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Natuna incident emerged to the surface. </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">China openly claimed that its
fishing boat was operating in</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">traditional fishing ground</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. This is nothing but China open declaration
that </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> Indonesian EEZ around the Natuna Islands simply doesn’t exist.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">It</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> claim</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> that what Indonesia consider</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> as </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> EEZ in Natuna sea</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">covers what China consider</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> as its traditional</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> fishing
ground</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">in
which the Chinese dash lines is the boundary</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia should be strong in
maintaining the integrity of its EEZ as well as its Continental Shelf. Beneath
Natuna water where Indonesian EEZ is located, there is abundantly oil and gas
accumulations. For many decades Indonesia has developed most of that
hydrocarbon fields but no single claim was heard from China on those resources.
If China doesn’t recognize Indonesian EEZ around Natuna sea then sometime in
the future when it feels strong enough with its military base in SCS it may
also challenge the Indonesian Continental Shelf in the very same area.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesian Foreign Affair Minister should be aware
that the bottom line of the problem is not China recognition on Indonesian
right over Natuna sea water but the explicit recognition of Indonesian EEZ and
Continental Shelf</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">both</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">de facto and de jure. Observing
China </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">aggressiveness in
imposing</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">nine-dash lines</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">into effect</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">,</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">it is no doubt that</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">the only language it speaks</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and understand</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">to resolve the SCS dispute is power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia is not alone</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">in facing head to head against China.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">If Indonesia likes to maintain its right in Natuna EEZ, there is no
choice but to speak on the same language </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">as China do</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">es</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. Indonesia should </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">prioritize </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">to
strengthen </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">fleet in Natuna islands </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">by increasing the number and capacity of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">coast guard ships</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">as well as Navy warships. A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">strategic naval base</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">should be built</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">in the Natuna Islands</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">not only</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">to</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">chase and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">intercept
the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">illegal fishing boats but also
to confront the danger from the north which now becomes real. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:388.5pt;height:288.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\RACHMA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="Natuna-1"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; letter-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
</div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-83289745524227176072016-02-01T02:23:00.000-08:002019-04-22T20:39:20.760-07:00The Sophisticated Weaponry Needs for National Sovereignty <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
letter-spacing:1.5pt;
mso-font-width:80%;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
letter-spacing:1.5pt;
mso-font-width:80%;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">As a big nation of 240 million people, it is normal
that Indonesia should have big and powerful army forces. Historically, the
development of military manpower in term of quality has been successfully achieved
as indicated by the success of Armed Forces to safeguard the nation against the
threats of internal security upheaval. Notwithstanding, due to economic
consideration the development of weaponry had been given low budget allocation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">However, according to Global Firepower (GFP) based on
the criteria they set up in 2016, Indonesia is ranked as 12<sup>th </sup>among all
nations in the world. The analysis could be too good to be true especially when
we consider the past government policy which gave low priority on armament
development. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">It is only during the last decades that the government
with the support of parliament starts to increase the defense budget. The
imports of sophisticated war equipment were still mandatory while the political
will to increase the capacity of the domestic capability to produce them was put forward.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Apart from their customary products, today some
strategic State-owned Enterprises are determined to produce high-tech weaponry products:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">PT. Pindad, the
Army Industrial State-owned Enterprise produces 19.5 kilos weight infantry fighting rifle
(IFR). The fame of IFR goes world-wide after its bullet can tear up the steel tank
body in military training. Having 1,055 mm barrel length of the overall
length of 1,755 mm and with bullet caliber of 12.7 x 99 mm, it can be loaded
with 10 bullets firing muzzle velocity of 900 m/s with a maximum effective range
of 2,000 m.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">IFR can make use of three
different bullets, namely MU3 M for shooting practice or training, MU3 SAM for
tearing the body of steel tank and MU 3 BLAM for blowing up and shattering the
target. There is an only limited production of IFR, most of which today goes to
Special Armed Forces and salable at the price of Rp 200 million (USD 15,300)
each. According to Pindad director, the profit is limited but the main
important things qualified product at world level.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">As compared with other countries,
IFR has good quality related to distance range, accuracy, and silencer which can
reduce the sound down by 30 decibels, and is completed with night vision equipment
and telescope to enlarge the target up to 25 times.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQcYvrjBTZU9a5MkNhzlG_5Yt7QmXhJfUyvqp3HyxNoHWkBRohQCyiwb4jArI8L0phttnbw-XVoFYM4o4rjgr0pcViBR05BSqZffYdpeN_kldyV-I8vtO66erYQmMSPXt9dTjyiSpAIRo/s1600/Alat+Tempur-A3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQcYvrjBTZU9a5MkNhzlG_5Yt7QmXhJfUyvqp3HyxNoHWkBRohQCyiwb4jArI8L0phttnbw-XVoFYM4o4rjgr0pcViBR05BSqZffYdpeN_kldyV-I8vtO66erYQmMSPXt9dTjyiSpAIRo/s400/Alat+Tempur-A3.jpg" width="351" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Pindad has also
other important products such as panzer and tank. It produces two kinds of panzers as Armored
Personnel Carrier (APC), namely Badak and Anoa which are capable to carry 3 crew
plus 10 passengers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter has four
variants namely Lurking, Chained Wheel, Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) and
Cannon Anoa. Its body dimensions are 6 m length, 2.5 m width, 2.5 m – 2.9 m height
and 11-14 tons weight (for combat), resistant to shooting ammunition of 12.7 mm.
The Anoa is equipped with the main armament of 12.7 mm MG, CIS 40 AGL, and
secondary armament of 66 mm smoke grenade launcher. It is powered by 340 hp six
Renault diesel-engines-cylinders capable to speed up of around 90 km/h and operate
within the range of 600 km-distance. The Anoa uses double wishbone independent
suspension to maintain its stability while firing its 90 mm cannon. Albeit so
many orders mostly come from Asian countries, Pindad will not be able to meet
many orders unless it can get capital of no less than Rp 5 trillion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Other than producing panzers, Pindad
also modifies the old France made AMX-13 tank produced in 1980-an. With the
length of 6.36 m, 2.5 m width and 2.35 m height weighing 14 ton, the modified
AMX-13 has 105 mm caliber cannon in place of the old 75 mm one. With the turret
of 105 mm it equals to Abram-class, the top American tank.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaTIF6NSvYZYjD7uxzjRRUnsCExMM-iQC9WLvtOQQxtPiekSWhNtsDR3rG5xbfo6sgwsN6uLP_Ziit1XqqYX0eMlQjt7Q-IKAqnuHN7GmPolr9XAxnpKRgky2fAbxYhgYyAPbhRO5syrc/s1600/Alat+Tempur-A2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaTIF6NSvYZYjD7uxzjRRUnsCExMM-iQC9WLvtOQQxtPiekSWhNtsDR3rG5xbfo6sgwsN6uLP_Ziit1XqqYX0eMlQjt7Q-IKAqnuHN7GmPolr9XAxnpKRgky2fAbxYhgYyAPbhRO5syrc/s400/Alat+Tempur-A2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The government,
through the state-owned company PT PAL, determines to improve national fleet
development and Navy warships. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">To fulfill the order of Ministry
of Defense scheduled to be submitted in 2017, PT PAL is in the process of
constructing a destroyer of frigate class which dimensions are 105.11 m length,
14.2 m width, speed of 28 knots, displacement of 2365 tonnes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">PT PAL is also constructing a
Strategic Sealift Vessel (SSV) under the order of Philippine Defense Ministry scheduled
to be submitted in May 2016. SSV is a development of Landing Platform Dock
(LPD) Class having the length of 123 m, 21.8 m width, capable to carry personnel
up to 621 maximum. SSV has a maximum speed of 16 knots p/h, displacement of 7200
tones, with the sailing range up to 9360 nautical miles.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">So far PT PAL has also produced
KCR-60 or Missile Speed Boat at Surabaya dockyard having specifications of
length 60 m, width 8.10 m, displacement of 460 tonnes and a maximum speed of 28
knots (52 km/h), with 43 crews. Its main weapons are 4 X C-705 SSM, 1 X 57 mm
Bofors and 2 X 20 mm Denel Vektor G 12. Its expected output is 35 until 2024.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">In addition, PT PAL produces 3
units trading vessels of 50,000 DWT and 2 units trading vessel of 20,000 DWT
annually. PT PAL engineers have mastered the bulker ship technology <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">of</span>
50,000 DWT, container ship of 1,600 TEUS, and tankers of 30,000 DWT. Today PT
PAL is in process of mastering the technology of industrial supporting
components for electric energy power such as a boiler.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghO2XNk_Pw6OwSesbFNSOeEZj-iA_7Q95X2HavDjSkLS8GUv_mbUr6eMSsTeX6fU62HEldTjuMuuInlWeRSDVzLi-6-e1yByF2onEMm9qUW7xxHwtnm8uywUoQSZcmOJJeK_ZVu1Dc16E/s1600/Alat+Tempur-A4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghO2XNk_Pw6OwSesbFNSOeEZj-iA_7Q95X2HavDjSkLS8GUv_mbUr6eMSsTeX6fU62HEldTjuMuuInlWeRSDVzLi-6-e1yByF2onEMm9qUW7xxHwtnm8uywUoQSZcmOJJeK_ZVu1Dc16E/s400/Alat+Tempur-A4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">PT Dirgantara
Indonesian (PTDI), the Airplane State-owned Enterprise is known as the producer
of CN235 and CN250. Recently PTDI is preparing to build N219, a new generation plane
capable to carry 19 passengers and cargo with maximum weight up to 2,500 kilos.
Putting into consideration that 70% of Indonesian airfields are just 800 m long,
its capability to take off and land at a short 600 meters airfield, make it suitable
for the most Indonesia airfield condition. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Having low operational cost at the
speed of 395 km per hour and the price of around USD 4-5 million it is very competitive
as compared with Twin Otter and Cessna Caravan around USD 6-7 million per unit,
which makes a total of 100 orders from domestic and some potential buyers from foreign
countries. PTDI is planning to produce the next generation of its kind namely
N245 and N270, each with a bigger body, increasing speed, and more passengers to
carry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Now the government also pays
attention to increase the strength of Air Force weapon for which Indonesian
Ministry of Defense has cost sharing agreement (CSA) with Korean Aerospace
Industries (KAI) in January to co-produce fighting jets. The Ministry has
allocated the fund up Rp 18 trillion for the construction 5 prototypes of the
plane. Four planes to be assembled and built up in Korea while another one in
Indonesia. The four planes produced in South Korea are assembled by both Korean
and Indonesian engineers who are posted to work there in order to gain a transfer
of technology. All five planes will roll on out of the hangar and undergo flight test
in 2020.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC1oX-7tV6LBJ4YeoDyckUsNWe-C3dFoS6OU83hpDm_l4KCiBZUpfEBYA48tDxIjKYZsJsna7YGxx2CDKZTDnumZh1zo4iYtn0T4idM0pQzmgAzyBwlP_PbApinlWNxZFbBGizXHq3zHE/s1600/Alat+Tempur-A1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC1oX-7tV6LBJ4YeoDyckUsNWe-C3dFoS6OU83hpDm_l4KCiBZUpfEBYA48tDxIjKYZsJsna7YGxx2CDKZTDnumZh1zo4iYtn0T4idM0pQzmgAzyBwlP_PbApinlWNxZFbBGizXHq3zHE/s400/Alat+Tempur-A1.jpg" width="322" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Working hand-in-hand cooperatively
PT Pindad, PT PAL, PTDI (formerly IPTN) and National Electronic Institution
(LEN) will build and develop unmanned planes, drones, submarines, invisible
boats and stealth planes in the future depending on the availability of
technology, capital, and constant orders.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesia companies have been able to produce </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">U</span>nmanned Aerial
Vehicle (UAV) with long-range self-controlled pilot<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">aimed to be used </span></span>in military reconnaissance and
missile delivery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order to make good
reconnaissance, UAV must be able to fly at 200 m minimum height, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">60 km/h </span>flight speed
and 60 minutes flight duration </span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-56493141833968173852016-01-27T19:30:00.002-08:002019-04-22T21:06:17.842-07:00Trowulan Reopens Pages of ‘Historical Book’<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Most of the Indonesia<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">n</span> students know about the Majapahit Kingdom, but only a part of them know about Trowulan, and <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">just</span> a few
have complete data and information about this historical site. The grandeur
site of Trowulan is now overshadowed by development at the surrounding areas,
but all ancient buildings and temples which are still preserved today can be the
authentic proof of Majapahit’s beautiful capital city in the past. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Today, Trowulan historical site is still
undergoing the process to become world heritage under the official recognition
of UNESCO. While the process is going on, East Java government is now trying to
excavate the artifacts buried by mud and ashes, to guard the site against being
damaged by locals or outsiders.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Excavation at Trowulan site indicates
that a part of ancient settlement was buried by river mud and volcanic ashes a
few meters deep under the earth. Some archaeological sites could be found in
Trowulan Sub-district. There we can find ancient buildings made of bricks and
are now undergoing renovation. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">MacLaine Pont, one of the Indonesian
history experts, through the map he made in 1924 interpreted the perpendicular
network systems in Trowulan as road networks. However, in 1981 Coordinating
Body for Surveys and Mapping (Bakosurtanal) interpreted them as the discoloration
anomaly of aerial surveillance photos caused by the buried water-canal networks
used by locals to manage water governance system in the XIV century.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06NKUaMvTpT6LigdJ2-v6Jx0MgtKPHkLM2AJM0c6VsoMUJlS2TAnc6K56kAsJBB6j1SMlXgiToTinOmeeOMzCrJnMqVQ7kPxJTq7gDKnQEn14oZC-bMm6foj5vKcWzi3o66mNVNVpi8Y/s1600/Majapahit-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06NKUaMvTpT6LigdJ2-v6Jx0MgtKPHkLM2AJM0c6VsoMUJlS2TAnc6K56kAsJBB6j1SMlXgiToTinOmeeOMzCrJnMqVQ7kPxJTq7gDKnQEn14oZC-bMm6foj5vKcWzi3o66mNVNVpi8Y/s400/Majapahit-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Formally there is no excavation yet at
the location in order to know how to design the ancient canal networks and its
functions in those days. There are some reasons for the puzzles of this
historical inheritance to be disclosed which covers 49 canal segments of 50
meters width perpendicularly intersected to each other. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">As supposed to be the capital city of the Majapahit Kingdom covering the period of 1293 to 1518, Trowulan kept within the
site measuring by 11 x 11 square kilometers a lot of historical artifacts, in
the form of temples, bathtubs of noble elites, cemetery of kings and queens,
remains of house buildings and the bordering wall of the capital city. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">A good reference can be gained from 15<sup>th</sup>
century Chinese historical note describing that Majapahit palace was surrounded by
brick-walls up to 10 meters high with double gates. Buildings inside the palace
area were supported by wooden poles of 10-13 meters high with the floor covered
with mats for common people to sit down. The roof was made of ebony planks
while house roofs of common people were just made of palm fibers and
straws. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8ytmpufw1ho8wgxV3ZHbnhWljb6xVY3B9IZ_p13ycs-mTSCM0_GYEXcEl4ODOivS286dB0L6QWWo1IDUioahpEJPhH-nM7IKDeMIuotild868EJr48qjhQjDcQhmWtaIBZ-7c7m8q8Zo/s1600/Majapahit-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8ytmpufw1ho8wgxV3ZHbnhWljb6xVY3B9IZ_p13ycs-mTSCM0_GYEXcEl4ODOivS286dB0L6QWWo1IDUioahpEJPhH-nM7IKDeMIuotild868EJr48qjhQjDcQhmWtaIBZ-7c7m8q8Zo/s400/Majapahit-02.jpg" width="292" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">This confirmed Prapanca's historical book of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Negarakertagama (</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1365</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> which describ<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">ed</span> that</span> Majapahit palace was surrounded by highly thick walls made of
bricks. Th<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">is Chinese account, therefore, </span>can b<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">e taken as </span>co<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">nfirm<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">ation of other</span> rela<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">ted details picture of the palace. </span></span>Prapanca further illustrated that <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">t</span>he main gate leading the palace,
situated at the north, was big and made of carved iron. In front of the gate, there was a long building intended for an annual meeting with high officials. Next
to it was a market and a holy crossroad. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">A</span>t certain spots,<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> there were some</span> small <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">posts</span> where</span> palace guards were <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">always ready to do their duties</span>.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">When one made his entry
into north gate entrance, he could find a yard surrounded by holy buildings. At
the west side of the yard, there were clusters of houses for palace guards
constructed on terraces. Another gate leading to the next yard was a great
hall, intended for guests waiting for their turn to meet the king. The king’s residence within the palace
complex located at the east side of the yard near the great hall, consisting of
a few pavilions and verandas made of carved bricks. The building was supported
by the carved wooden poles quite high and big. Just outside the complex, there
were buildings for Shiva and Buddhist monks, family members of the kings and
high officials. A little bit outside, separated by a big yard, there was
another complex of royal buildings, one of which became the residence of Gajah Mada,
the commander of the Armed and Navy Forces of the kingdom.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Ruins of Trowulan ancient city were
discovered in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. In his report, Sir Thomas Stamford
Raffles, who served as Java Governor from 1811 to 1816, pointed out: “There are
ruins of temples … spreading for miles at this region.” But since the
forest was so densely packed with teak wood, additional surveys and more detailed
study were impossible. Nonetheless, Raffles, who was very interested in
Javanese history and culture were definitely fascinated by what he saw and
dubbed Trowulan as “The Pride of Java”. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNIogKQIYOk8FcxK84Rd71wcH_pJgpT36M-Wd_HiFtx5UXKmx44bZHCuRrcjevdU1qsv5ptDrTj2HiLpljZWQuUQTwE7X0QEldvH7HoF0aZZwZ8YypxzeHNEF1FXHenybtsKEbWgq7Yc/s1600/Majapahit-04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNIogKQIYOk8FcxK84Rd71wcH_pJgpT36M-Wd_HiFtx5UXKmx44bZHCuRrcjevdU1qsv5ptDrTj2HiLpljZWQuUQTwE7X0QEldvH7HoF0aZZwZ8YypxzeHNEF1FXHenybtsKEbWgq7Yc/s400/Majapahit-04.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Bad news came in 2013 that a local
regent has issued a decree allowing for the construction of a steel factory
right at the site which normally must be preserved. After undecided matter,
fortunately, Sukarwo, East Java governor, determined that any construction at
the site would only damage this historical heritage, and so he banned it for
good.</span><span style="font-family: "" sans-serif "" , "serif";"> </span></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-29078442671489313082016-01-26T00:39:00.002-08:002019-04-22T21:09:11.177-07:00High-Speed Train, Pros and Cons<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">he railway
transportation </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">portrait </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">in Indonesia </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">was </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">always
associate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">d with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">rowded passengers
squatting on the top of the carriages </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">illegal ragged
shelters </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">at </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">railway banks and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">il</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">legal
stalls occupy the station platform and parking lots. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">ublic attitude </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">used to consider </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">public
service should be cheap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> and doesn’t concern
with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">the resulting low revenue and insufficient </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">operation cost </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">that may deteriorate</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> the related service. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
railway situations in the country degrade</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">many</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> railway tracks </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">considered as uneconomic were </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">dismant</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">led. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barely new tracks and new stations have been
built in the country since the independence day. The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">moral of </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">railway
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">personnel were </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">so degraded that it becomes a public secret
that many railway employees feel at ease dealing with the stalls and the
shelter owners to gain some regular petty cash as though their behavior is a
normal one. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWy0XIEmHWcrUajMgxFDrjtl-T9rcayDMwUFy1CzFUJvYi7Ytctd71By6B4HGC3jTDKDvNJE_xP90_-xlPMpVWYCaEkz_rQ3ZyGbUaJKIniNO4_HkdNM9TIPaJld0b2ePcA9CCDGH5i88/s1600/HST-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWy0XIEmHWcrUajMgxFDrjtl-T9rcayDMwUFy1CzFUJvYi7Ytctd71By6B4HGC3jTDKDvNJE_xP90_-xlPMpVWYCaEkz_rQ3ZyGbUaJKIniNO4_HkdNM9TIPaJld0b2ePcA9CCDGH5i88/s400/HST-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">However, there was a
change in the people mindset that such permissiveness towards the indiscipline
of the part of the society even though on behalf of the poor cannot be
continued. The slums which have grown at the railway banks and illegal stalls
within the station area gradually were eradicated. In the last several years, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">train management
has set electronic means</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> (e-ticket)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> at 63 stations in
Jabodetabek</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> in order to reduce illegal passengers</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">However, as compared to other countries which have
already jumped operating high-speed train (HST), we are still looked as though
crawling using outmoded locomotive and carriage. You just name it: Japanese
Shinkansen bullet train, France TVG-high speed train, or German Inter-city
Express (ICE) train which can run very fast at more than 350 km per hours.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">And today the government wants to make giant leap that
nobody dares to imagine before. It looks as though we just jump from stone age
into the modern age. The government now is very aggressive and a little bit
ambitious to build and develop the infrastructure widely throughout the country.
Indonesia wants to follow the advanced countries to develop high-speed
train hoping that it could accelerate the regional development in accordance
with Transit Oriented Development (TOD) plan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDHOnLHDNIWoRdc1rAdhzQ7MooShMr-T550FNfr0oCvUMnJ8z_1JiEaz8fjs9m-e9QAqAl95_Ys8hVlvGXsPajTbAN6l7z3cJHmVGN55XojmCHUqwVcT2ymjQDDwS_NOWfSm661TGbhfw/s1600/HST-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDHOnLHDNIWoRdc1rAdhzQ7MooShMr-T550FNfr0oCvUMnJ8z_1JiEaz8fjs9m-e9QAqAl95_Ys8hVlvGXsPajTbAN6l7z3cJHmVGN55XojmCHUqwVcT2ymjQDDwS_NOWfSm661TGbhfw/s400/HST-02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The first project selected was Jakarta-Bandung track.
The kick-off for this first HST project took place on January 21, 2016, on
which event President Jokowi inaugurated the groundbreaking ceremony. The HST will
connect Halim in Jakarta, Karawang, Walini, and Tegal Luar in Bandung Regency,
covering the distance of 141 km in 35 minutes with USD 20 ticket price. There will
be around 40 round trips a day carrying 583 passengers per trip or around 24,000
passengers per day. The inter-city railway track with the destination to the
stations of the high-speed train, called Light Rail Transit (LRT), will also be
constructed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The constructor of HST costing around USD 5.600 billion
will be China Railway International joining with a consortium named PT Pilar
Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI) consisting of PT Kereta Api Indonesia, PT Wijaya
Karya, PT Jasa Marga, and PT Perkebunan Nasional VIII. It is expected that the project will be completed in 2018 and fully operated in 2019.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">As a new project, it is normal that there are still
pros and cons. One of the objections is that there are too many stops for such a short distance of 141 km that make the train can never gain its full speed instantly.
There is also an issue on the use of National Budget because so many State-owned
companies taking part in the project. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3RftICchHVxEeibtYt7_mprrAkYz2QK8Lwtw8qYZhdjr-jKZRrml4ETr1Lw7OS6fuAvvpZ8-wZrprbS_YuFDdyMdlED9EmD6SUtA5UYR7Erwe6wGPtmJ-WycFehyyL-jkb37cmIpjR0/s1600/HST-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3RftICchHVxEeibtYt7_mprrAkYz2QK8Lwtw8qYZhdjr-jKZRrml4ETr1Lw7OS6fuAvvpZ8-wZrprbS_YuFDdyMdlED9EmD6SUtA5UYR7Erwe6wGPtmJ-WycFehyyL-jkb37cmIpjR0/s400/HST-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The government is firm to continue the project not
only for Jakarta-Bandung track but other longer distance such as
Jakarta-Surabaya, in big islands such as Kalimantan, Papua, and Sulawesi, as
long as the project is viable and the fund is available. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-63109453056862098612016-01-21T02:32:00.002-08:002016-01-21T20:35:07.357-08:00Degrading Roles of Bosscha Observatory <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We
live in a lonely green planet as part of solar system <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">looked</span> insignificant in the
midst of Milky Way whi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ch itself <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">looked as</span> insignificant shining <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">spot</span> </span>among
the very vast super-cluster galaxies. <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">W</span>hy we live in such a “remote” little planet? Do we
live in a special place within the grand cosmos? This <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">old</span> question is
unanswered until today. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
is the astronomical science is for. To observe the vast heaven above us, we
need technology. Without modern</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telescopes</span> and other observatory equipments
and most of all without astronomers, no way we can answer <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">such</span> human curiosity. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The world knows well about Mount
Palomar Observatory operated for the first time in 1936 by California Institute
of Technology. But hardly people know that before Palomar Observatory was founded,
Indonesia then Dutch East-Indies had already operated an observatory in
Lembang, Bandung in 1925, the first of its kind in southern hemisphere. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4UUx-dIKZU1R_gUlgpcEDzmCbJ9BkGlojan5Kj2TTM0Zg2eo4Oa6YfcAKcXf4geo9t0ltTj_TCkD3l7lo1z0HP_VE8vhtMTsU7JD43BwquEhc3JkU5UzAJd-n7T7qKDzMS_cBBsZ08s/s1600/BOSSCHA-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4UUx-dIKZU1R_gUlgpcEDzmCbJ9BkGlojan5Kj2TTM0Zg2eo4Oa6YfcAKcXf4geo9t0ltTj_TCkD3l7lo1z0HP_VE8vhtMTsU7JD43BwquEhc3JkU5UzAJd-n7T7qKDzMS_cBBsZ08s/s400/BOSSCHA-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, the owner
of Malabar tea plantation in West Java, and an astronomer Joan George Erardus
Gjisbertus Voute, two persons with significantly different occupations,
cooperated in building the observatory. Having realized that no development of observation
in southern hemisphere, Voute took the initiative to establish an observatory
in South Africa but having no support from the local government, he then moved
to Dutch East-Indies. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">His old friend Bosscha, although a simple
agribusiness man, agreed to support the idea and was able to collect one
million guilders from his pocket money in early 1920s to buy the optical lenses
and supporting equipments in Europe under the supervision of Leiden Observatory.
He successfully convinced Ursone brothers, his fellow cattle breeders, living in
Lembang to donate their 6 hectares land in surrounding areas at 1310 meters
above the sea level on which the observatory, then coined as Bosscha
Observatory, was constructed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The observatory was operated by </span><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nederlandsch-Indische Sterrenkundige Vereeniging</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (NISV)</span><span style="font-family: "arial narrow" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">who issued its first publication in 1933. In 1951 NISV
handed over the whole ownership and operation of the observatory to Indonesian
Government. The government gave rights to Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)
to operate it in 1959.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
observatory was completed with 5 telescopes, each of which has its own
functions. In general, currently the telescopes are intended to observe the
orbits of double stars, of Milky Way including novas and supernovas, of star
spectrums, to make photometry of star eclipse and to examine the new moon for
the fasting month. There is also a radio telescope with the diameter of 2.3
meters operating at the frequencies of 1400 to 1440 MHz to examine distant galaxies
and quasars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">In the early 1960s, UNESCO donated
Schmidt telescope to observe the Milky Way. In 1989, the Japanese Government
donated Cassegrain Goto telescope to measure the strength of stellar light. The
donation was given through Overseas Development Agency (ODA) Program. Unfortunately,
people now construct too many houses surrounding the area where it becomes the
public settlement. As the consequence the place becomes too bright at night against
the astronomers need for minimum light to optimize the observation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq0kLOGO7pMadKYepmRjl22DKTJCgkGZOjhX-3S_HLg9rfJJl4ozNsjaxpDMHeOA7r759nfzpWsgFnGT6aHd0JCRaj6Lgb3sOjUybyk-aUu0v48xHNSkreytlWnnORYWJxc270KC2SDsY/s1600/BOSSCHA-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq0kLOGO7pMadKYepmRjl22DKTJCgkGZOjhX-3S_HLg9rfJJl4ozNsjaxpDMHeOA7r759nfzpWsgFnGT6aHd0JCRaj6Lgb3sOjUybyk-aUu0v48xHNSkreytlWnnORYWJxc270KC2SDsY/s400/BOSSCHA-02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">In 2008 the government stipulated it
as one of the vital objects, and under the law No 2/1992 it became the cultural
heritage that must be protected and conserved. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
observatory got international awards in the early 2010s, when four of its previous
directors – </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Bambang
Hidayat, Moedji Raharto, Dhani Herdiwijaya and Taufiq Hidayat – were coined as
the names of asteroids by the Association of International Astronomy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Bosscha Observatory – once was an important center of scientific research –
ideally should regain its position as the leading observatory from the southern
hemisphere. We all are responsible to find out solution on how to empower,
re-strengthen and renew it to catch up with current developments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> One of the most important factors to elevate the status of the observatory is to increase <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">the gove</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">rnment attention <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">especially Indonesian Science Body (LIPI) </span>towards </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">the welfare of the astronomers a<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">nd the one and only astronomy education <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">in</span> ITB. </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">As the observatory has only slightly
been upgraded, the role of Bosscha observatory becomes insignificant. This
situation is aggravated as other southern hemisphere nations such as Australia
and South America built ultra-modern telescopes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItmOnBZKeN7gz2nfuQRBV38_2eO92rQ4dquksCB-BEgYZZvC_CxJWBr3QkY_pV1NJmBI-HcTPVStcgocux3LVb1aXDZ8qD-_8zWRiacJi5C0T1d8lN8ZfAAOe7-2tIcR_wptsTxDX7UA/s1600/BOSSCHA-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItmOnBZKeN7gz2nfuQRBV38_2eO92rQ4dquksCB-BEgYZZvC_CxJWBr3QkY_pV1NJmBI-HcTPVStcgocux3LVb1aXDZ8qD-_8zWRiacJi5C0T1d8lN8ZfAAOe7-2tIcR_wptsTxDX7UA/s400/BOSSCHA-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">As a grand nation with big population
such as Indonesia, we need a thoroughly upgrade Bosscha observatory and the
construction of a new modern one. It should be built at a site far from the populated
city, quite high above the sea level. Such a location can be easily selected somewhere
in the Archipelago but unfortunately the government puts the funding of such
requirement into low priorities if not none. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The hope now lies on the loan of grant
from the international scientific society or from the helping-hands of
Indonesian tycoons, as the case of Bosscha who are willing to donate necessary
fund, for which their names can be coined to the new observatory</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial narrow" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">But so
far we have never heard about local tycoons who donated something for the progress
of the science let alone the development of the observatory. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Who among you, especially the
Indonesia tycoons who are interested on science and want to follow the good deed of Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha
around hundred years ago. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-56677194115260502842016-01-19T02:35:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:15:13.532-07:00Should the State Apologize to ex-PKI Members?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
letter-spacing:1.5pt;
mso-font-width:80%;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">A
lapse of 50 year-time has passed </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">since the Communist Party (PKI) was
banned and most people who experienced the September 30 Movement (G30S) are
getting old and most of them died. The ban remains and nobody, includes the
young generation, wishes for lifting it. However, a number of people who group
themselves in the so-called human rights NGO (Komnas HAM) claim the government
to recognize the victims of mass murder against PKI members. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The G30S movement was preceded by hatred and
intimidation spread out by PKI towards their rivals no matter they were the army,
nationalist or religious people. This was PKI fatal strategy. PKI was very
self-confident as they believed that Soekarno would always protect them. Indeed,
Soekarno played the game by balancing the power between the army and PKI rivalry.
Furthermore, Soekarno considered PKI as one of the important Nasakom pillars that
should be preserved their existence. That was why most people </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">refrained themselves from</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">openly</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">counterattack</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">against PKI terror. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXOAlJP9lVMSai-3KhucLmJjrAuN_7HYQrzOXRp1GhwgNqWtbDY7OAS7OuIOBXGV_JdB9PNusaJxc44lLU4bN5dp_M96lfBapCiNbguG-rEyhpyQtaB66B3qPadOShdUlec63MNyJS8KQ/s1600/G30S-PKI-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXOAlJP9lVMSai-3KhucLmJjrAuN_7HYQrzOXRp1GhwgNqWtbDY7OAS7OuIOBXGV_JdB9PNusaJxc44lLU4bN5dp_M96lfBapCiNbguG-rEyhpyQtaB66B3qPadOShdUlec63MNyJS8KQ/s400/G30S-PKI-01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2875025512179113568" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">However, a couple of days after the G30S aborted movement,
the finding of kidnapped general corpses that were cruelly mutilated and buried
within a dried pit which was widely broadcasted through TV-media hurt deeply
the people's </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">conscience and considered
it as an evil deed. … and all of sudden the hell broke loose. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The people’s anger was so intense, as they still
remembered the cruelty of PKI coup d’état in Madiun15 years earlier launched in
the middle of people struggle against the Dutch assault. It was a coward movement
stabbing from behind the young Republic that was just born. Thousands of people
were cowardly slaughtered mostly officials, nationalists, and religious ones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">And here again, PKI wanted to repeat the history with
their bloody hand. Apart from killing the generals they sporadically</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> killed </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">people mainly </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">NU
</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">clerics</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> in Central and East Java prior to the coup d’état. </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">No authority commanded people to
fight against PKI after the abortive movement but nobody wanted to wait until
they fall victims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The mass vengeance
was unstoppable. Hundreds of thousands of PKI and its associate members
tragically lost their lives. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgreE8ucRSD1vvNpP0RJnzlIdesLf9HNnCTSdzAELnRkD-wVWY0nDM2r3_xX3adjvZFgpFq662ZY8lP04LeqeiOOJoFScF8mbPw4pLftn6yS7Ngu3J7M8pizL0QcnYdUFA8D4MdCUXXmA8/s1600/PKI-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgreE8ucRSD1vvNpP0RJnzlIdesLf9HNnCTSdzAELnRkD-wVWY0nDM2r3_xX3adjvZFgpFq662ZY8lP04LeqeiOOJoFScF8mbPw4pLftn6yS7Ngu3J7M8pizL0QcnYdUFA8D4MdCUXXmA8/s400/PKI-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Now after 50 years have gone there come to Komnas HAM claiming
the government to apologize to victims associated with PKI. The NGO claim the
Government’ tolerance on ex-PKI members’ massacre and therefore should be
responsible for it.</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">
</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">This </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">was considered by </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">NGO</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">
as a grave violation </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">against</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">
human rights</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. Furthermore, they argue that many of the victims were not directly
involved in the movement. It was on behalf of these innocent people that NGO wanted
</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">their names </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">to be rehabilitated </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">called </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">for
the Government to apologize </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">to </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">and
compensate them </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">accordingly</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The claim of the NGO is debatable as to why they are
one-sided. The victims are not solely from the PKI side, but also from the other
side. Why Komnas HAM does not take care of the non-PKI victims? This important
question seems to go to deaf-ear. They simply respond that they don’t have any
data on people who were tortured and murdered by PKI. And no one from ex-PKI
wants to admit their wrongdoing and recognize the bloody event not mention to
publicly ask the apology. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGPw2PQdREpW6gUshXnhk9MEGldoCe2l93xFD0tKeVE6m1K4QFcSf4_NwHS_ztJ0OYyonsk-5EY2LZAOd76wHXamw94nptygluZOdwVPyyalon2NzAVxfPgtDhHWpTu8zl2jFBq6zoUJs/s1600/Pidato.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGPw2PQdREpW6gUshXnhk9MEGldoCe2l93xFD0tKeVE6m1K4QFcSf4_NwHS_ztJ0OYyonsk-5EY2LZAOd76wHXamw94nptygluZOdwVPyyalon2NzAVxfPgtDhHWpTu8zl2jFBq6zoUJs/s400/Pidato.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Komnas HAM personnel together with a noted
lawyer named Nursyahbani Katjasungkana</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">posted the </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">1965 Crimes against
Humanity in Indonesia</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">before</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">the International
People’s Tribunal on The Hague, November 10 – 13</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">
2015.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> This was done mainly to attract international
intention rather than filing a <span class="hps">lawsuit as for any event happening exceeded the limit of 17 year-period doesn't bind the</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> <span class="hps">court decision</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">The history shows that everywhere in the world, the
Russian revolution under Stalin, China under Mao and Cambodia under Pol Pot,
for example, did barbaric cleansing towards their main enemies in term of what
they called the bourgeois and capitalist class. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">For
them, the notion of <i>rule by the people</i> became confused with rule by
the proletariat or, rather, rule by the vanguard party of the
proletariat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Indonesian people are not blind to these historical
inhuman experiences. It is a matter of life and death. It is a matter of national
survival. They and hopefully their grand-children wish not to experience the
same suffering. And the NGO under the just simply ignores this people
collective standpoint. Most of the Indonesian people don’t have any empathy and even
cynical towards what the NGOs are doing. Under what criteria do they raise the
human right issue? What the cut of date of the human right violation that they
use? Do they intend to raise the human right violation by Dutch and Japanese
colonization? In people eyes, the NGOs just do according to their masters’ voice
i.e. the underlying actors who finance them.</span></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-45084003359554838922015-03-05T14:59:00.001-08:002016-01-21T19:49:50.695-08:00Pinkan Indonesia di Seni Budaya Nusntara Jakarta<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9amhAh0Y4Bo" width="480"></iframe>r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-79398595476598992712013-11-28T02:50:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:20:03.203-07:00A Weird DPD First Interpellation<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Nine
years have elapsed before members of Regional Representatives Board (DPD)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">one day in October this year realized that
they had interpellation right to question the government if they did not agree
with its policy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">But
what a surprise, the first
interpellation right they use after so many years kept silent was about the Low
Cost Green Car (LCGC), not the strategic issues related to the regional
autonomy, say, for example, the creation of new autonomous regions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Spearheaded
by A.M Fatwa, a regional representative from Jakarta, around three fourth of 132
DPD members agreed to use such right. They argue that the infrastructure is not
enough to support the existing cars. The rich people will have greater
possibilities to buy LCGCs and rent them to poor people. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">DPD
members thought that they find a better solution by proposing to the government
to sit down with rich people and discuss how to settle the problem of mass
rapid transportation, rather than enabling common people to buy LCGCs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">How
come that those distinguished DPD members have such mediocre arguments? Don’t
they know that Indonesia is not Jakarta?
More than half of the car population is concentrated in the Capital city. Look
to the street in small cities outside Jakarta, look to the road in outer
islands that the majority of DPD members represent, aren’t they all deserted?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Those
grim conditions are caused by the fact that the cars sold in the market are too
expensive so that most people cannot afford to buy. Of course, the policy cannot accommodate
common people to buy such LCGC but at least it increases the opportunity to
buy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #232323; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Irman Gusman, DPD head, said that the interpellation was raised
because he got a lot of questions from people in small cities. His argument seems
paradoxical. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">If those
notable members are fair, they should question expensive cars circulating in
Jakarta and welcome instead the cheap cars. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Actually
there is no need to respond such dim questions but constitutionally the government should answer the interpellation. The President, represented
Coordinating Minister of Economics, Hatta Rajasa, Minister of Industry, MS
Hidayat and Minister of Transportation, E.E. Mangindaan, responded that the policy of LCGCs is enacted to anticipate the upcoming ASEAN International Free
Trade in 2015 and to meet the need of common people to have a car.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: 3.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">LCGCs will not become the causal
factor of a traffic jam because the cars will be distributed mainly in a small city
and villages where the cars are still very limited and traffic jam never
happens. Besides, the government has taken priority to develop public
transportation in six metropolitan cities and buffer zones to curb the traffic
jam</span><span style="color: #232323; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: 3.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: 3.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #232323; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
honorable DPD members, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: 3.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #232323; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Next
time you raise an interpellation, it should be the one that is more strategic and
more valuable for the regions you are represented.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-44586329377370312152013-09-19T03:17:00.001-07:002019-04-22T21:22:56.298-07:00Quo Vadis the Low Cost Car Mass Productions?<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A big controversy
arises when the government launches a policy supporting the mass production of low
cost green car (LCGC). Such cheap cars are classified as the ones which consume
one liter for 28 kilometer-distance, 60 percent local contents and the selling
price below Rp 75 million (the US $6,800).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Just a couple of days after launching, almost 18,000 cheap cars have been sold out where
most of the buyers are those who live in Jakarta and nearby cities. Low and middle-class people are eager to buy such cars as they cannot afford to buy a normal car
which price beyond their purchasing power and buy motorcycles instead.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_L5ypXdZgo3C3b08b0NgzP6aeoo-lzFZC531vkzKtRVXupwMzKgCHHnH_92HiNhfTVC4YXlBlU2mRpdXVdbYLa0Kj5JgNXDskhCkeh8vb5qk307tu4eaDPgwxE-dz9Jhc25DJrbnwD4/s1600/LCGC-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_L5ypXdZgo3C3b08b0NgzP6aeoo-lzFZC531vkzKtRVXupwMzKgCHHnH_92HiNhfTVC4YXlBlU2mRpdXVdbYLa0Kj5JgNXDskhCkeh8vb5qk307tu4eaDPgwxE-dz9Jhc25DJrbnwD4/s320/LCGC-1.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Now
having such a low price car available, some of them may convert from riding
motorcycles to cheap cars. The haves may also buy the car as a second [or
higher] vehicle especially for their kids. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
number of cars in Indonesia compared to its population is among the lowest in
the world. The availability of the LCGC will certainly increase the car
population in Indonesia. Huge investment up to US$ 3.5 billion is required and it
might absorb thousands of workers to fabricate the cars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Definitely
the LCGC mass productions will give a positive impact on the country economy as
they improve the quality of the private transportation mode in term of fuel
saving, transportation efficiency as compared to bigger and expensive cars,
the condition of transportation mode especially for those using motorcycles and,
last but not least, the environment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjynA-mcZsWwIWwmlktCBncslSK4Dg1EGt1GRN3OwcN2zUEoHYgPdTVmobi-Ay8L_LM65cpfgwSbeuL0XKz8uOXIy8nRkwyaokrQpWValDYnTP8FHf7EycO02-ybbflrYv2h22olrb1zqM/s1600/LCGC-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjynA-mcZsWwIWwmlktCBncslSK4Dg1EGt1GRN3OwcN2zUEoHYgPdTVmobi-Ay8L_LM65cpfgwSbeuL0XKz8uOXIy8nRkwyaokrQpWValDYnTP8FHf7EycO02-ybbflrYv2h22olrb1zqM/s1600/LCGC-2.JPG" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Isn’t
that the people car (“mobil rakyat”) that the country is longing for? The car
which is not exclusively for the haves but also for middle and lower class? Of
course, to become a national people car, it is hoped that at the latest stage
the local content would be close to 100
percent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">At
everybody’s surprise, the launching of such LCGC has got various negative reactions. Most of the reasons that
the opponents put forward are related to the traffic density. They are afraid
that the traffic will be stagnant as the infrastructure would not be able to
afford the additional amount of vehicles caused by the LCGC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Under
such a mindset, Jokowi, the popular Jakarta Governor, sent a letter to Vice
President calling for the postponement for the sales of LCGC in Jakarta. Even
some other prominent public figures have asked for the reduction of such people
car mass productions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL6GnleKl3aoE8SgdSfc8J41i2nIZ4mNesdYT7HeqltvFJeGyl7Hybgi2gBJ99TJ_Q7K7vkXHO_XZ9tWYVhtdNsfSEUTLe3vEiE7vbKdmGVpwb-ukJ_UhAHTKCHmZE5MqmjeW5hTi0584/s1600/LCGC-3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL6GnleKl3aoE8SgdSfc8J41i2nIZ4mNesdYT7HeqltvFJeGyl7Hybgi2gBJ99TJ_Q7K7vkXHO_XZ9tWYVhtdNsfSEUTLe3vEiE7vbKdmGVpwb-ukJ_UhAHTKCHmZE5MqmjeW5hTi0584/s320/LCGC-3.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Certainly
Jakarta is not Indonesia. In many other cities in the country, one may count
the vehicles that run on the road. After twilight, the roads in many small cities
are almost deserted. Out of around 60 million families in Indonesia only 10
percent possess passenger cars which means that in our country one car is for 40
people, much lower than the ratio in developed countries which is around 1 : 3.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">How
come that we should be against the relatively poor people for having a little comfort
by possessing LCGC replacing their motorcycles in favor of the relatively rich
people enjoying their “luxury” cars? Shouldn't we have an opposite standpoint
by encouraging people to have LCGC and imposing the luxury car (more than 3000
cc) usage limitation, by for example allowing them to circulate only beyond the
office time? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMVgTN-3FdTAMd43QoiRZrLZObM2Lg9RGCvyXZAMmDN5NnsJ3GOxP17q5CQoRW8gWBUZPCJAz8yrfv9gLb80be2DZtg-Ovi5NT6i8S0HrAJmkBSLe1nzgMTSSOhEGnq292NTVnJYgBfrk/s1600/LCGC-4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMVgTN-3FdTAMd43QoiRZrLZObM2Lg9RGCvyXZAMmDN5NnsJ3GOxP17q5CQoRW8gWBUZPCJAz8yrfv9gLb80be2DZtg-Ovi5NT6i8S0HrAJmkBSLe1nzgMTSSOhEGnq292NTVnJYgBfrk/s320/LCGC-4.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
postponement of the cheap car mass productions will be a blunder as it will
cause Indonesia suffer a big loss, as by 2015 any ASEAN countries under AFTA can
easily export their cheap cars into their neighboring countries. They have kept
eyes to take any opportunities to market their cheap cars here and certainly will
establish their sole agents in our country selling their home-made cheap car. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Fortunately,
the Minister of Industry holds firm his standpoint and pointing out that the
LCGCs are not merely on sales in Greater Jakarta but will be distributed in 500
other cities. Quo vadis the LCGC mass productions? Will it give beneficial for
the country or curse?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Folks,
it is now you to make up your mind. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Hoping that you have the right opinion. </span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-89322868150028022072013-07-09T01:35:00.002-07:002019-04-22T21:26:57.821-07:00Oil Palm Plantations, the Indonesian Wealth and the World View Controversy <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
Indonesian middle class increased significantly from 89 million in 2003 up to 134
million in 2012, more than half of 237 million of Indonesian people. Such 45
million of middle-class increase is undoubtedly a result of the socio-political
stability enjoyed by Indonesian people within the corresponding 10 year-period.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
value of money spent by the Indonesian middle class is fantastic. The annual spending
in the corresponding year for clothes and shoes, household articles, transportation and abroad was the US $ 12 billion, US $ 20
billion, the US $ 24 billion and the US $ 6 billion, respectively.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some
of the causal factors which make such significant progress among other the
mass use of motorcycles as a relatively cheap mode of transportation, massive use
of mobile phones as the means of effective communication, massive people
mobility within the country thanks to low-cost air transportation, massive exploitation of coal mining and, last but not least, the extensive expansion of
oil palm plantations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu0_VFUqhe27yaLU7izpbf17qh7sKz8QJFy2rz3wLucIXbdD0yg_DgQsaKhbzWD-og3BXatIyUgPsWnsvgk3FW6ga9kINFYaxri20vEczwPcjGwWGdnkDZZwT9TdnmVha3jCScmHMP0fE/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_10-05-58.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu0_VFUqhe27yaLU7izpbf17qh7sKz8QJFy2rz3wLucIXbdD0yg_DgQsaKhbzWD-og3BXatIyUgPsWnsvgk3FW6ga9kINFYaxri20vEczwPcjGwWGdnkDZZwT9TdnmVha3jCScmHMP0fE/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_10-05-58.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Out
of 200 million hectares of the country’s lands, 9.3 million hectares have been
converted to oil palm plantations. In 2012 the output of crude palm oil (CPO) was
23.5 million tons, absorbing a direct workforce of around 2.8 million people, which
put the country into the world top CPO producer. The CPO export was 16.5
million tons gaining foreign exchange up to US$ 20 billion. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The palm oil industry employs
approximately 2.8 million people directly on the plantation, 1.6 million of whom
are small planters, involving 3.6 million people as family members of the
employees who work in the plantation companies enjoying benefits and facilities provided by
the company they work in. Most
of the small plantations held by the farmers yield low productivity, only 2.5
tons of CPO per hectare as compared to 4.8 tons per hectare of that of state-owned
company. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Globally
Indonesian CPO production is 45% as compared to Malaysia, 42% and both
countries absolutely dominate the world CPO production. However, more than half
of the Indonesian oil palm plantation is owned by neighboring countries’ companies
which give less salary to the local labors compared to those working in
their native countries. As such they get more benefits for having access to both
fertile land and cheap labors, thus morally obliged to give more welfare to
their local workforce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVbCvRWSvnq5j-uE6dNg7TiZkOLKB0g4t14eETh_3xH_oxkSxYiMGCgGafPvccq2fGMSVq0z-UWUvOIuK9c_eHaGmw8p3oWtANPCBH2YG4uPytlG4pSEDy3AJuyqhM3y1DfPjxMub-L2E/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_08-16-15.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVbCvRWSvnq5j-uE6dNg7TiZkOLKB0g4t14eETh_3xH_oxkSxYiMGCgGafPvccq2fGMSVq0z-UWUvOIuK9c_eHaGmw8p3oWtANPCBH2YG4uPytlG4pSEDy3AJuyqhM3y1DfPjxMub-L2E/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_08-16-15.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
oil palm plantation can be the pioneer to boost the development in remote
areas. The opening of the plantations has led to the construction of roads and
bridges to facilitate transportation. More people came to the spots and new
schools were constructed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Expansion of new oil palm
plantations on an ongoing basis will be able to absorb continuous labors. Each
hectare of mature oil palm plantations takes 0.2 man-days. If half a million
hectares of new plantations could be annually developed nationwide, the annual minimum
amount of labor that can be absorbed is 100,000 or 40 percent of the new workforce entering the labor market. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
oil palm plantation if cultivated in the degraded, barren areas could become
the solution to the reforestation where the growth of oil palms change the area
into the greenery spot. The oil palm plantation is able to absorb carbon mono-oxide,
the same amount of man-made secondary forest can do. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, a lot of NGOs do
not agree with this, saying that the opening of a new plantation is frequently
followed by a hostile takeover of local people’s land. They argue in addition, that
an oil palm absorbs water at the amount of 20 liters per day, reducing the
earth water supply. An oil palm can absorb only one part of carbon mono-oxide
but releases 7 parts bigger than that, causing the greenhouse effect even worse. Exaggerated worrisome? Yes, we may suspect that the underlying of such black campaign against CPO is, in fact, the desperate competition between the vegetable oil they produce and CPO which may be produced abundantly in tropical lands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoTnN6it0FdA0vmy_S-Sdn91qLrgmRQ0fsjWZr3TblfEvxnmgGcCsALjbSKAS7Q6wUQBnVQQURvD-6Qd25jdbAzyb31y273NzU6h9CQ2tu23lZc_2agd9ExfYNSqKDtgT9PJ127zBJDc/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_10-12-19.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoTnN6it0FdA0vmy_S-Sdn91qLrgmRQ0fsjWZr3TblfEvxnmgGcCsALjbSKAS7Q6wUQBnVQQURvD-6Qd25jdbAzyb31y273NzU6h9CQ2tu23lZc_2agd9ExfYNSqKDtgT9PJ127zBJDc/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_10-12-19.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Even
some big foreign food and toiletries companies boycott Indonesian CPO accusing the
Indonesian businessmen for having violated the cultivation principles in
accordance with Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Many European buyers,
absorbing 9% of Indonesian palm oil export, still, need RSPO certificate which put
Indonesian farmers into trouble as they have to spend extra fund for such
administrative fulfillment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another
issue that concerns Indonesia as the big CPO producer is that the CPO price is
stipulated in Rotterdam, Netherlands, albeit the small European market share. There
is an idea to establish Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) as an alternative to RSPO, which may be compared to OPEC Crude price as against posted
price in the case of the crude oil market in the 1970s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">To protect the local and
indigenous people, whose lives are depending on the forest products, from a hostile takeover by companies granted the plantation area, the government prepares
a bill to exclude the customary land from state land classification. The
government should encourage big
companies to closely cooperate with small partners in a mutual benefit scheme.</span> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span>r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-46399394984968170462013-02-11T03:32:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:30:18.615-07:00Simple Elements that Make Indonesia Grow<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br /></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Amid the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">economic
recession experienced by </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">developed countries which slow down </span>their economic growth</span> hampering
the global trades, Indonesia amazingly sustains its economic growth </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">well above the average of 6%. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Within the region, the size of the Indonesian economy in
term of gross domestic product (GDP) reached 42% that of Asean countries. Coupled
with the growing Indonesian middle economic class with the annual income up to
US$ 4,000 reaching over 50 million people, the purchasing power of
Indonesian people are significantly increasing. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbTpKM421RpXVt4izRvrtoJyDKOo22QUoqSl8IbfS1bBICLr85vSCbdKNL2R60CU95vOnLsxUOseeDM81MuA8BK-rKSBAunSHcf4ZUkAS175Ao1DArLDIGSRqoFvOzyLLlcCrs7M-aBA/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-58-05.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbTpKM421RpXVt4izRvrtoJyDKOo22QUoqSl8IbfS1bBICLr85vSCbdKNL2R60CU95vOnLsxUOseeDM81MuA8BK-rKSBAunSHcf4ZUkAS175Ao1DArLDIGSRqoFvOzyLLlcCrs7M-aBA/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-58-05.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are the driving forces that make Indonesian economic so resilience? There should
be, for sure, something fundamentals which are overlooked by most people including the policy-makers i.e. the
mobility and intense communication among the people that make them fluid and dynamic. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Along with the advance of the technology which is </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">appropriate for the big and vast country like Indonesia such as more efficient</span> and cheap motorcycles, effective and affordable mobile phones and low-cost wide-body carriers that are capable to massively transport people across
the archipelago boost the national economic growth without due expense to the
government budget. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The statistical data show that in
2011, there were around 68,8 million motorcycles and 9,5 million cars
distributed all over Indonesia, aside from 2,3 million buses and 4,9 million
trucks. Considering the Indonesian population is around 238 million then there are
about 3.5 motorcycles per capita on top of passenger cars and buses. This
means that every family in Indonesia possesses one motorcycle. If the trend of increasing motorcycle use continues, the short-distance public transportation will soon cease to exist. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
traffic jams caused by motorcycles in the big cities which most people are blaming to are not the portrait of the traffic condition within the whole country. In rural areas, this kind mode of transportation is still scarce restricted by peasants' low purchasing power. The traffic
problem in the metropolitan cities cannot and shall not be used as a barometer to restrict the use of
motorcycles within the country.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUqwAo_VUNaZGpTdX3-NVpV1hqhd3UIY4AtMVFNBQxFjGNtbw3jJfCjv73Lyjj0q2yg3w4yem7qTtDUuoMt3vvghDyFLsT3xnvDKddDuhzckEi3s8TPG6Bdr8zPuhJsbEeduYnsJQv84g/s1600/Simple+Elemen-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUqwAo_VUNaZGpTdX3-NVpV1hqhd3UIY4AtMVFNBQxFjGNtbw3jJfCjv73Lyjj0q2yg3w4yem7qTtDUuoMt3vvghDyFLsT3xnvDKddDuhzckEi3s8TPG6Bdr8zPuhJsbEeduYnsJQv84g/s400/Simple+Elemen-2.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The positive upshot of people mobility is speeding up by the tremendous increase of mobile phones </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ownership among the people </span>throughout the
archipelago which recently reach around 250 million. This means that every person in
Indonesia, babies included, possesses one mobile phone. Indonesia ranks as the biggest
four after China, India, and the USA. However, in term of the number of mobile phones per capita, Indonesia slightly leaves China, India, and the USA behind.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In term of money circulation which drives the economic dynamics of the country, the figure is very significant. Indonesian people are very talkative spending on
average around Rp 50,000 per capita per month for pulses or around Rp 150 trillion annually, equivalent to
one-tenth of the national budget. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">This dynamic pace is further amplified by the low-cost</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">
<span class="hps">carrier</span>s <span class="hps">(</span>LCC) which last year was capable to carry<span class="hps"> 50</span> <span class="hps">million</span> <span class="hps">passengers</span>
<span class="hps">out of</span> <span class="hps">66</span> <span class="hps">million
total</span> <span class="hps">air passengers</span>.
The <span class="hps">market growth</span> of <span class="hps">LCC</span> <span class="hps">aviation</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">in average</span> <span class="hps">18%</span> <span class="hps">per</span>
<span class="hps">year</span>, <span class="hps">passing over the</span> <span class="hps">overall</span>
<span class="hps">national airlines market growth </span><span class="hps">averaging </span><span class="hps">16.3%</span>. It is expected that <span class="hps">in 2015</span>, <span class="hps">LCC</span> <span class="hps">passengers</span> <span class="hps">will</span><span class="hps"> reach 80</span>% <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">73</span>
<span class="hps">million out of the</span> <span class="hps">total</span> <span class="hps">90 million</span> <span class="hps">passengers</span>.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2mrWf3M1HnWanapO604WFMSHvqvEVuLZcJr8rLSpeQlUfdqG_vzgZ2l2-S7oEXErMgajXvptKZr938v61t09Oh3Q-hzgwpDUDZI7h0CpGyrmjMuTW4GZ2Cx7bi0yuSWILFRwrFZi2xko/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-56-51.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2mrWf3M1HnWanapO604WFMSHvqvEVuLZcJr8rLSpeQlUfdqG_vzgZ2l2-S7oEXErMgajXvptKZr938v61t09Oh3Q-hzgwpDUDZI7h0CpGyrmjMuTW4GZ2Cx7bi0yuSWILFRwrFZi2xko/s400/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-56-51.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">However, there should be an extra effort to overcome the infrastructure shortfall. The tremendous increase of the passengers is not matched by the improvement of the
runways in many airports outside Java to accommodate wide-body carriers such
as Boeing 737. Even Soekarno-Hatta airport which was designed for facilitating
22 million passengers annually now are overloaded by around 52 million
passengers.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Low-cost
carriers help accelerate the economic growth as people mobility across the
archipelago is enhanced, breaking through the distant barrier that hinders the
inter-trading across the country. One of the good solutions to break the frontier areas </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">isolation</span> is the use of the amphibious airplanes which are capable to land on the beach and lakes which may also attract the foreign as well as domestic tourists to visit the beautiful but isolated watery spots and isles.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nHSHYbN91C1TSWfNn_qKxI3z97HhrK6MdbCgrSCAYIVf3f4Lm1njlzd3q9iIQrStAuBUflxcoBUb-sIA94W8AEUsXxaLVRt25-lkaZaPkkPEX0UGeABQhJhoIU0B3sm0fkqi9gBdfMo/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-54-42.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nHSHYbN91C1TSWfNn_qKxI3z97HhrK6MdbCgrSCAYIVf3f4Lm1njlzd3q9iIQrStAuBUflxcoBUb-sIA94W8AEUsXxaLVRt25-lkaZaPkkPEX0UGeABQhJhoIU0B3sm0fkqi9gBdfMo/s400/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-54-42.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Notwithstanding,
there is a negative factor that may hinder the country's economic growth in the long term. People are not aware that the extremely asymmetric
economic gains distribution where the minority of around 5% of the total population holds 80% of the economic wealth is the consequence of the
government policy that keeps holding cheap labor wage (and also low paid civil servants) used as the national competitive advantage. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This long-standing fallacy makes the wage of Indonesia labor gradually become lower and lower compared to that of the neighboring
countries such as Malaysia, which was in par around the 1960s. The high gap of labor wage culminates in the “exodus” of many Indonesian
males and female work-forces abroad surrendering their fates on the mercy of
their foreign masters. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">To
overcome this irregularity, the government, as well as all the stakeholders, should
have shifted their mindset. The danger to keep this erroneous policy is that the social tension (not mingle with political upheaval) will grow up marked by intensive strikes led by various labor unions. The government should heavily scrutinize the financial report of the "big" established company which claims that they
cannot afford to pay the minimum wage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The human resources quality improvement, the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">motto which is repeatedly uttered, </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> is just lip service</span> if not genuinely supported by </span>their welfare improvement. </span></div>
</div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-64675269396561474022012-02-13T01:13:00.001-08:002019-04-22T21:33:06.427-07:00A Total of 13,466 Islands Shape the Indonesian Archipelago<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the official report, it is always mentioned that the number of Indonesian islands is 17,508. This number becomes the sole reference of many institutions both domestically and abroad. This high number is obtained by including coral reefs as islets, whereas they appear only in the low tide but submerge under the water in high tide. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Under the UN Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) the island is defined as terrain appears above the sea level regardless of whether it is in low or high tide. In addition, it should be capable to support life marked by one or more plants growing on it. As such the number of Indonesian islands should be rectified. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwed3YEDVoU19dD7_MRuWGbzu1Erbf1isBDYLqbyqMegqYATTK_qREQE7WOSmlAoLh1qFVPbp1W1b2MiZbZopv4KYQnfG7PC6Dkn-NkTkd3vg8Vs_Ttf9761iza74vu-G5P8V5EvHUpIg/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-36-19.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwed3YEDVoU19dD7_MRuWGbzu1Erbf1isBDYLqbyqMegqYATTK_qREQE7WOSmlAoLh1qFVPbp1W1b2MiZbZopv4KYQnfG7PC6Dkn-NkTkd3vg8Vs_Ttf9761iza74vu-G5P8V5EvHUpIg/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-36-19.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span id="goog_167167214"></span><span id="goog_167167215"></span>Based on the geographical surveys done starting from 2007 to 2010 through inventorying and verification of the individual name of the islands and its coordinate determined by means of global positioning system (GPS), the total number of Indonesian islands is 13,466. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The list of the island names from those surveys output has been submitted to the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN last year. However, the result of those surveys has not yet been stipulated in government regulation despite its significant implication in many aspects. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indonesia has reached many maritime boundary agreements with its neighboring countries but there are still some critical dispute areas which are rich in mineral resources such as Ambalat Sea in the northern part of Makasar Strait.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgjsUlH5Kb_uZf8mEvbjU485C5M3INmF9sMm2ooaet4XWuSc6-KEPZJ_Alt20zneXuyclPrYhjRT9pj_wXzKiTpczL5y_RJz3mctprT4WfrMBqZZ4T_NRDeXacuwD0mRdl7XbGBp_y4xs/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-11_19-13-48.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgjsUlH5Kb_uZf8mEvbjU485C5M3INmF9sMm2ooaet4XWuSc6-KEPZJ_Alt20zneXuyclPrYhjRT9pj_wXzKiTpczL5y_RJz3mctprT4WfrMBqZZ4T_NRDeXacuwD0mRdl7XbGBp_y4xs/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-11_19-13-48.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another important marine survey that has not yet been carried out so many is bathymetry mapping due to expensive cost. In spite of that, Indonesia as successfully extending its continental self west of Aceh province measuring by 4,200 square kilometers and was approved by the UN in 2010. This extension is possible as the UNCLOS stipulates that as far as the depth of the sea water is less than 200 meters, a country may have a Continental Shelf up to 350 miles from its coastline, beyond the normal 200 miles. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As an archipelagic state, Indonesia need to settle up all the maritime boundary issues both for fixing the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as well as Continental Shelf in order to protect our fishermen from being caught by neighbor authority, intercept and seize the illegal fishing boats, conserve marine biodiversity and give firm legal support in offering mineral exploration blocks.</span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-11651662324270276942011-12-14T01:29:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:34:56.769-07:00The Mystery of Prehistoric Megaliths<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Far remote in the dawn of human history, there was a period when people used to erect huge stone monuments, which today is called the megalithic era. The monuments were intended either to commemorate the dead, to praise the Creator of the universe or to call for the local gods in providing their blessings.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Megaliths are specifically defined as monolith erected monuments which include menhir and obelisk. The term of megaliths, in general, may include Stonehenge in Great Britain, the obelisk in Egypt, dolmen (offering stony altar) and sarcophagus for the burial of noted persons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitRvAFc5nCsFc3Axj9kYoy1pZMh7E16-lyG4YPKcCrC160ZP8a6m7YLx7lQtXDBlMNBDT5-W8uYIvoXIpDIf8wlljbG7a6HtKdAgYdOXU4lhVDp3GPevpuHI5iZFaIxlSfIMJl3UYYU9A/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-59-04.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitRvAFc5nCsFc3Axj9kYoy1pZMh7E16-lyG4YPKcCrC160ZP8a6m7YLx7lQtXDBlMNBDT5-W8uYIvoXIpDIf8wlljbG7a6HtKdAgYdOXU4lhVDp3GPevpuHI5iZFaIxlSfIMJl3UYYU9A/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_12-59-04.jpeg" width="242" /></a></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menhirs can be found in various parts of the world and sometimes it is difficult to explain how and why ancient, prehistoric people managed to construct such a huge stony monument weighing up to 250 tons. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">A speculative explanation points out to giants who possibly lived before the Floods more than 30,000 years ago, the only individuals capable to manage such heavy stones. However such reasoning is unjustifiable as there are some which are just 8,000 years old or less.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Indonesia inherits the remains from the megalithic era shown by numerous menhirs found spread out throughout the archipelago. The origin of menhir in Indonesia as in everywhere else is still a mystery. A certain theory asserts that megalithic tradition came from Central Asia following several waves of migration southward to various parts of Indonesia and westward to Europe starting from 2,500 BC up to 800 BC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menhirs erected </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for the purpose of animism ritual activities found in Batusangkar and Limapuluh Koto Regency, West Sumatera, taking the forms of swords, horny beasts or human heads of around 4,500 years old.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The stony monuments found in Tunjungmuli village, Purbalingga regency, Central Java are believed to be used as offering altars. Some menhirs in the form of wrapped dead body were found just recently which is supposed to be used for rituals to expel bad omen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi68lkqA_Kjs2uR9yT39Xly7C1rjoqSpxLHllsq1V57aJs52998LlsLiAPqA7-8q0ELag7hGEW3nDdFVaaNbhqWJS8jt_2yy195xw7jAA2Ua3DGYcAXgyrC04-MRWXGKrPlHxXaRchldwo/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-00-13.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi68lkqA_Kjs2uR9yT39Xly7C1rjoqSpxLHllsq1V57aJs52998LlsLiAPqA7-8q0ELag7hGEW3nDdFVaaNbhqWJS8jt_2yy195xw7jAA2Ua3DGYcAXgyrC04-MRWXGKrPlHxXaRchldwo/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-00-13.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Toraja area, in South Sulawesi, preserves around 100 menhirs, some of which are huge measuring not less than 8 meters height. The ancient Torajanese erected those stony monuments right in front of the noble person’s burial place.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menhirs in Sumba which stand together with dolmens and sarcophagus, the noble families’ graves, were erected for the purpose of rituals to preserve the harmonious interaction of the immaterial and material worlds. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menhirs in Flores had been intended for various purposes such as for declaring wars, opening the forest for agricultural cultivation and for praising local gods. Unfortunately, only a few menhirs are preserved and today treated as anthropological remains.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menhir has lost its function as a sacred place, and merely becomes an anthropological remain, except in Nias island, offshore of North Sumatra. Until today Nias people still preserve the megalithic rituals and even erect new menhirs for those purposes. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">UNESCO plans to enlist Nias in World Heritage because of its “living megalith culture”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0qFJ2_KZ9Fq71Nx4yJ2ZCU9xwOsRyWPzLQi6NBaR0GrexR-4hl_JeWE79_o6vc2sCjrZHgzQz6fzjSqAZYpwgkDN8vGNCGGe_a4ymwoi4UDyP03yT4SdGkXEw4L6tzfu6QgxL3ILFF0/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-02-24.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0qFJ2_KZ9Fq71Nx4yJ2ZCU9xwOsRyWPzLQi6NBaR0GrexR-4hl_JeWE79_o6vc2sCjrZHgzQz6fzjSqAZYpwgkDN8vGNCGGe_a4ymwoi4UDyP03yT4SdGkXEw4L6tzfu6QgxL3ILFF0/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-02-24.jpeg" width="232" /></a></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In this island, most menhirs were constructed in the form human bodies complete with their phallus or stand-alone big phallus of 2 to 3 meters height symbolizing the human fertility. Dolmens erected near those menhirs were used for offering altars. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">All menhirs were erected in purpose at around 500 meters above the sea level to avoid the possible damage from tsunamis which from time to time swept the Nias coastal area for thousand-year period.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">Who were really these megalith people? Was there any relationship between Indonesian prehistoric cave people and megalith people? Were they the same or different people? Why were menhirs erected in different places around the world separated by such long distances such as Europe-Indonesian archipelago-Easter Island far away in the eastern part of Pacific?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Could it be that Nias people are the clue to open the mystery? Too many questions are unanswered and too many happenings still remain mystery.</span>r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-84596119950704746012011-12-05T01:06:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:37:42.624-07:00Prehistoric Cave Paintings and the Lost East of Eden<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indonesia is not only rich in traditional and contemporary cultures but also in olden cultures reflected by many temples erected from around 500 AD. There are even numerous prehistoric remains such as megalithic and cave paintings discovered spread out throughout the archipelago.</span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The worldwide prehistoric era is still tightly covered by mystery. The civilizations seem to emerge out of sudden rising those of Sumerian, Babylonian and ancient Egypt around 10,000 BC. Before that time barely any information handed down to us except some artifacts in the form of cave paintings from prehistoric cave-dwelling people.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQG9K6D4xdb2Yeyl8h2GEpy2xlPDHvDVE9-wxR2WzVUCWCVwu34xpvEEPnz0swObyRuHW5a3KI-zDMm8J4EsSQEtng0krswAYwWyy-7UEbBmSwBqtRcV3wL5j3YVVnmZQXCj2CEC8W_uQ/s1600/cave-painting-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQG9K6D4xdb2Yeyl8h2GEpy2xlPDHvDVE9-wxR2WzVUCWCVwu34xpvEEPnz0swObyRuHW5a3KI-zDMm8J4EsSQEtng0krswAYwWyy-7UEbBmSwBqtRcV3wL5j3YVVnmZQXCj2CEC8W_uQ/s400/cave-painting-1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">These artifacts survive for a very long time from the period as old as 35,000 years ago such as prehistoric paintings in Lascaux and Chauvet caves, France and 25,000 years ago in Western Cape, South Africa, and Santa Barbara, California, all measured by means of the radiocarbon date.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Indonesia seems also to be inhabited by numerous prehistoric people among other in Maros (Sulawesi) with the age estimated between 30,000 to 10,000 years, in Tewet (Kutai Regency, Kalimantan), more than 10,000 years, in Seram, Kei Islands, and Papua.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In Kalimantan, around 1,000 caves have been inventoried spread out throughout East Kalimantan province of which several caves are for burial rich of ceramics and 20 caves ornamented with prehistoric paintings. The paintings in those caves were made of the same non-organic materials, namely hematite, manganese dioxide and dust of karsts as a binder.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The models, techniques, and materials used for paintings are the same as the ones found in Australia. Some experts hold a chronological human ancestor distribution theory stipulating that early Aboriginal-resembled tribe lived from as far as Kalimantan in the west spread out throughout southern Moluccas archipelago down to Papua and Australia in the east.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrn5uNKSxeR3l9FUtdSDk2jYP8o_fRQlwKgHV0v2vE5DShBzUZ8-23746TeLb7bMipTLgGl6rb-z86xf-V32nMGA56YRpY2-p2s9s1_O5ElumDy3O62_fNX5EzT7iqTWose4A2sdvWBKM/s1600/Cave-Painting-3jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrn5uNKSxeR3l9FUtdSDk2jYP8o_fRQlwKgHV0v2vE5DShBzUZ8-23746TeLb7bMipTLgGl6rb-z86xf-V32nMGA56YRpY2-p2s9s1_O5ElumDy3O62_fNX5EzT7iqTWose4A2sdvWBKM/s400/Cave-Painting-3jpg.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The most dominant prehistoric cave paintings in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Seram, Kei Islands, and West Papua are palm hands, both left and right. One of the paintings, “tree of life”, has attracted the attention of the expert worldwide. Aside from palm hands, others are paintings of animals, birds, and fish. As it was difficult for prehistoric people to gather materials to draw paintings, we can conclude that those paintings should have been drawn on special purpose.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The prehistoric tribes living in Maros cave painted the picture of anoas (dwarf buffaloes), horny-pigs or megapode birds with the hope that they could easily catch those animals during their hunting season. Inside the cave, the experts also found stone tools including ax, arrows and human bones.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That the prehistoric people could do any artistic works, it indicated that they had started to settle in a certain place, contrary to nomadic people, which had to wander here and there and had no time to express their feelings or to commemorate something with paintings.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBsn7i-9PYM1uk_TA9k-xmQjXV0wKJpJdhHINSNZJHTZKDSEiOwA5KDsEIsXjR-6_LJ3NPZb8Ca21u-ezaf8_eEurr9Hlr4Bp2x6MZR56SE-nnaesAC8YtJaeMpwkrsgcnnk7dzx-Dnk/s1600/cave-painting-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBsn7i-9PYM1uk_TA9k-xmQjXV0wKJpJdhHINSNZJHTZKDSEiOwA5KDsEIsXjR-6_LJ3NPZb8Ca21u-ezaf8_eEurr9Hlr4Bp2x6MZR56SE-nnaesAC8YtJaeMpwkrsgcnnk7dzx-Dnk/s400/cave-painting-2.JPG" width="315" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Maros paintings have survived thousands of years but only a few years after discovered by locals, the paintings began to suffer from destruction. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As more and more people come to the site, it is the obligation of the local government to take the necessary steps to protect the cave and its contents properly. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Like Maros, Tewet cave paintings in Kutai, Kalimantan, need serious attention of the local government to conserve them. The destruction of the nearby forest might also change the humidity of the weather and in turn, might disturb the condition of the paintings.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">It is interesting to note that some western authors claim that Indonesia was the East of Eden, a “paradise” that has been lost submerged below the sea level during a series of big floods to become a large archipelago as we know it today. The cave paintings discovered in numerous areas throughout the archipelago may support such postulate.</span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-67810354828810386072011-11-29T21:05:00.000-08:002019-04-22T21:39:56.852-07:00SEA GAMES XXVI: the ASEAN Unity in Diversity<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">The SEA Games XXVI was joyfully closed with an extravagance musical and dance performances by the Indonesian and Myanmar contingents, respectively, as the current and succeeding host for 2013. The SEA Games was participated by all ASEAN member countries competing for </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">542 gold medals distributed in 43 games.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZA3BdXTSAse7pEGUtyUUOIwK2qITaNzOCqHY0nV2OmrwNTplPM6phSfMiwL1LMgcJlgx6GCI5HkXeMlPsoXX-j49uUobVXuQ0Xb8-5GhxlQ45jy2rUTaBP2b-5SYfNGJEuZHXhCmO_HQ/s1600/Sea+Games-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZA3BdXTSAse7pEGUtyUUOIwK2qITaNzOCqHY0nV2OmrwNTplPM6phSfMiwL1LMgcJlgx6GCI5HkXeMlPsoXX-j49uUobVXuQ0Xb8-5GhxlQ45jy2rUTaBP2b-5SYfNGJEuZHXhCmO_HQ/s1600/Sea+Games-1.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">This biennial Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), first held in 1977, was the continuation of Southeast Asian Peninsula (SEAP) Games. The participants are the ASEAN member countries, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-political" title="Geo-political">geopolitical</a> and economic organization of 11 countries with a total population of around 600 million. ASEAN as a whole rank as the ninth largest economy in the world. Its combined nominal GDP [2010] had grown to US$1.8 trillion. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">The ASEAN was established aiming to include the acceleration of economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of regional peace and stability, and to provide opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Indonesia became the overall champion in this event grabbing 182 gold, 151 silver, and 142 bronze medals. It was the 11<sup>th</sup> overall championships for Indonesia in 16 Games since it has taken part in the events. Indonesia as the host of the Games chose Palembang, South Sumatra, as the focal point of the event complimented by Jakarta and its surrounding areas for some specific games. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvnAzRfkgoYFDzUoCaI2ppJNQQWQpL8Wudzmp77eEk98RH_LPhz0qwhuriOoOhRNd1X-_3_hlLnJC3NrnCpx_8bBmtWrm3l0W99t3ejofx3O3FSBG-7XsQV126f77m7BnXYdrSZcQf48/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-08-48.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvnAzRfkgoYFDzUoCaI2ppJNQQWQpL8Wudzmp77eEk98RH_LPhz0qwhuriOoOhRNd1X-_3_hlLnJC3NrnCpx_8bBmtWrm3l0W99t3ejofx3O3FSBG-7XsQV126f77m7BnXYdrSZcQf48/s400/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_13-08-48.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Such decision was made mainly to enhance the regions’ capacity building and stimulate their social-economic developments. It required big extra efforts and funds to build the infrastructure and venues for the games for a relatively short time. Being lack of venues, some national and foreign trainers and referees were lodged in a first-class liner and a warship which both capable to accommodate 4,000 persons. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Some foreign media criticized that this time the SEA Games was hurt by local squads as there are too many local games which are not widely known as those held in Asian and Olympic Games. They suggested that it would be better if the SEA Games concentrated on the games that might be used as the stepping stone for the Asian and Olympic Games. Comparing to those of 24<sup>th</sup> SEA Games held in Thailand, however, the number of games competed in this event was the same [43 games]. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG1pEegG3wHDkwbr_h-jBKtjY2-6eZVUsr8ocj4B9av9BfQ5CcPdDcJJkwFDn1XQPb5EeJPJh3hXLrZt_kHE9Ed1GyGbBcTBsTDi26SBB53-rp9qEv2FDE1xjC5bslXbI1_awmnaDHNP8/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-11_06-22-37.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG1pEegG3wHDkwbr_h-jBKtjY2-6eZVUsr8ocj4B9av9BfQ5CcPdDcJJkwFDn1XQPb5EeJPJh3hXLrZt_kHE9Ed1GyGbBcTBsTDi26SBB53-rp9qEv2FDE1xjC5bslXbI1_awmnaDHNP8/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-11_06-22-37.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Notwithstanding, the SEA Games events should have their specific nuance of the sports taking more local contents reflecting the richness and diversity of the region. This is exactly the underlying objective of the SEA Games and not the number of medals that may be gained by whoever the host country. The event should hold the spirit of the ASEAN unity under their inherent diversities and pluralities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">With its outstanding success it is hoped that, albeit the Indonesian’s disappointment on losing the gold medal for their dear soccer team, Indonesia will make more progress toward the bigger international sports events. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Lest to forget, a</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">lbeit being shadowed by some conflicts raised between member countries, the success of such sports events will certainly contribute to the enhancement of the political stability and preservation of peace in the region.</span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-14230384441380326052011-11-01T02:58:00.000-07:002019-04-22T21:53:50.478-07:00Yacht Sailing throughout Archipelago<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indonesia is a maritime country but ironically its maritime potency is not fully exploited yet. The central and regional governments try their best to make use of all its resources, be it fishery or maritime tourism among other yacht sailings. Recently, the yacht sailing was held under the name of Wakatobi-Belitung Yacht Sailing, the international racing between Wakatobi, at the coast of southeast Sulawesi, and Belitung island.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The current yacht sailing was the continuation of the sailing started from Darwin on July 23 which took stop over at Wakatobi. The sailing was participated by around 200 yachters, 61 of which came from 17 countries among others Canada, USA, Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, and Italy.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">From Darwin the yachters sailed to around 21 places in the country taking two routes, one team via Kupang and the other team Saumlaki, with the final destination to Belitung. The yachters were supposed to be able to create the best sailing passage to the final destination.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWBrRbrLANsAZbKmPrRqZg1axwc735DUsSvqo-qut3Sbi9b6IFcAoMdM2YkyAvKRbvEIl1QqccWyzidvjeqVNEHiCgKjrm6LFhNlnRRcxh2D7wdcKlUiXSdkisVOi0Cml13AQN9PDoNw/s1600/Belitung-Sail+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWBrRbrLANsAZbKmPrRqZg1axwc735DUsSvqo-qut3Sbi9b6IFcAoMdM2YkyAvKRbvEIl1QqccWyzidvjeqVNEHiCgKjrm6LFhNlnRRcxh2D7wdcKlUiXSdkisVOi0Cml13AQN9PDoNw/s400/Belitung-Sail+1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Both teams arrived in Labuan Bajo after five to six weeks and then sailed via Bali where the sailing ended at Kalayang Beach, Belitung one month later. In order to disseminate the maritime tourism, a series of events under the theme “Clean Ocean for the Future”, were held before the arrival of the yachters. Several events were organized such as a seminar on Marine Tourism, East Belitung Fair, and various kinds of sports: beach volleyball, diving competitions, jet-ski attraction, underwater photography and underwater chess competition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwHe0aGtyWi5yu2zKkBCpgqvK_hFv3Y4jGbQXjFj-ukGR6uO5j8uEqv8aPTLoLSW0nKprJeH8SM_uvlOa1EfUjhbZaRTmsGgnC07_bnHasE7kVzDXRLmzFzR140WGxNSaeRBFQcwGkNWs/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-40-30.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwHe0aGtyWi5yu2zKkBCpgqvK_hFv3Y4jGbQXjFj-ukGR6uO5j8uEqv8aPTLoLSW0nKprJeH8SM_uvlOa1EfUjhbZaRTmsGgnC07_bnHasE7kVzDXRLmzFzR140WGxNSaeRBFQcwGkNWs/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-40-30.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On top of the Wakatobi-Belitung sailing, the same events already took place a long time ago. The first group of yacht sailing events was</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> held aiming to call for more Australian yachters and tourists to visit Indonesia especially Bali. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This yacht sailing, under the name of "Visit Indonesia Fremantle-Bali International Yacht Race" </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">covering the distance of around 2,600 kilometers, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">was held irregularly from 1981 to 1997. After no activity for 14 years, the event restarted in April 2011. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The second group started in 1986 is an annual event under the umbrella program of Ambon and Darwin cities and are supported by Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Darwin Cruising Yacht Association and local government of Northern Territory, Australia. It is hoped that all yacht sailing events will be held annually with the aim to strengthen the Indonesian position as a maritime country, to boost foreign tourist visits and maximally develop maritime resources.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We all wish for the best!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-25430110267864673342011-10-13T00:11:00.000-07:002019-04-22T21:56:24.574-07:00Raja Ampat, a New Promising Underwater Tourism<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">With its 17,000 islands spread out across its territorial water, Indonesia possesses high potential underwater activities and tourism surrounding some of the islands. On top of the already famous Bunaken underwater tourism in North Sulawesi, one of the newcomers with promising development is Raja Ampat.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwhd7vk1QZgwXQ6pN2xxzyDY9m_D8AJdU-wiwtkbpVT8-xzLW3jGtHQNDqji592V5Ejxt3_3Abcvt248FUtl7fbrsYnZpsVCOm5YhBC82DrU7wZOQcclmcJEoruk92vJ_weMaDDl5Q8nk/s1600/Raja-Ampat.4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwhd7vk1QZgwXQ6pN2xxzyDY9m_D8AJdU-wiwtkbpVT8-xzLW3jGtHQNDqji592V5Ejxt3_3Abcvt248FUtl7fbrsYnZpsVCOm5YhBC82DrU7wZOQcclmcJEoruk92vJ_weMaDDl5Q8nk/s320/Raja-Ampat.4.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raja Ampat, a newly developed paradise, is located in a remote area far from modern lives. It consists of four islands namely Waigeo, Misool, Salawati, and Batanta and some other islets around the seawater at the north coast off-shore of Kepala Burung (literally means Bird Head) of West Papua. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The name of Raja Ampat (four kings) is related to the local myth that in the dawn of time the region was reigned by four kings resided in four main islands who born out of seven primordial eggs. It is interesting to note that the numbers may be correlated to the four pillars and seven heavens frequently mentioned in many myths and religions around the world. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Its underwater beauty attracts experts to make research on marine fauna and flora. In 2001, those from International Conservation and National Oceanography Institute have examined more than 550 kinds of coral reefs, 1,000 kinds of coral fishes, 700 kinds of mollusks.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The spectacular thing marking the uniqueness of this area is the fact that more than 75% of all coral reefs in the world can be found here. For scuba diving, it is nice because the seawater is clean and warm while marine fauna and flora are lots.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP7FfDX0Jk7K9YR4ULdGmmt7lXLkFScelzEzZjl8hyphenhypheniNY3mV_0lEzxckuW1dFXZZhn_qTJp6B-j-EDHmJTvTUsO5J5hI912wXjiQp33p6dWZKeckdNWXfY2FCmiM8d3GbiH5GHxSD-boE/s1600/Raja-Ampat.5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP7FfDX0Jk7K9YR4ULdGmmt7lXLkFScelzEzZjl8hyphenhypheniNY3mV_0lEzxckuW1dFXZZhn_qTJp6B-j-EDHmJTvTUsO5J5hI912wXjiQp33p6dWZKeckdNWXfY2FCmiM8d3GbiH5GHxSD-boE/s400/Raja-Ampat.5.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">This is the reason why the area is considered as one of the top ten sites in the world for scuba diving. Various kinds of fishes are nice to examine, and besides, there are a lot of tamed manta rays searching around their pray inside the seawater.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">From the prehistoric point of view, pictorial signs and sketches of human hands inside the caves of some islets can be found here. It is estimated that the sketches and signs have been 50,000 years old. These inheritances can be the early indication to trace the human circulation around islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">To conserve the unique of coral reefs and marine mammals such as dugongs and dolphins, in 1993 the government has issued a decree stipulating that seawater covering the area of 60 thousand hectares around small islets of Mansuar, Yeben, and Batang Pele became the protected one.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNVwSmw2E556Ban_04FU2cHvsHV-L7pNUG3wgATkTYgWabNbBU1_VZumgozQwLzP0X_3VQM5x-v62WD_dbD27i-yqgOcgpx2GU30pREcUi-wrnXY1ee96BZG3jURsEXGCzeoWaQYkPfJU/s1600/Raja-Ampat.6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNVwSmw2E556Ban_04FU2cHvsHV-L7pNUG3wgATkTYgWabNbBU1_VZumgozQwLzP0X_3VQM5x-v62WD_dbD27i-yqgOcgpx2GU30pREcUi-wrnXY1ee96BZG3jURsEXGCzeoWaQYkPfJU/s320/Raja-Ampat.6.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Despite its beauty, there are some hindrances the tourists have to face when visiting the site. The first one is related to transportation, board, and lodging. For the visitors coming from Jakarta, they have to take six-hour flight with the destination to Sorong after a transit in Bali. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">From Sorong, there are some <a href="http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/248" style="color: blue;">travel bureaus</a> which can offer you various boats and routes to sail around the sea water or to land at a certain island and examine the vegetation of the island. However, you have to make sure that the boat can withstand the big waves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The second problem is for board and lodging if you want to have a comfortable one. For this you can take Sorido Bay Resort or Kri Eco Resort, a traditional resort constructed on poles above the seawater. There are also some motels in Saonek, Mansuar and Yenwaupnor islets. Or if you like to have an outdoor life and want to be more economical you can construct a tent on shore of an island. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The best time to go there is on October and November when the seawater is relatively calm. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Welcome to Raja Ampat, one among the best underwater paradises in the world. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-13361606218440966042011-09-07T00:38:00.000-07:002019-04-22T21:58:39.767-07:00Once a Year Massive People Exodus<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Indonesia is a unique country having a tradition for people to ask for pardon to each other on the celebration of Eid-al-Fitr, the Moslem’s most venerated day, especially from the younger to the elders. As most of the big cities residents originated from the hinterland, they have to travel back to their native hometowns or villages as most of their parents and relatives live there. Under such tradition, a massive exodus takes place once a year from big cities to the countrysides.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">The following figures talk by themselves. Most people started moving out since the third day before the D-day. The statistic indicates that around 27 million people made an exodus to their home town in 2009 and the number increases by 10 percent annually. The final figure for this year is not yet available, but we can estimate that more than 30 million people had moved around. The people movements within and crossing out of Java were around 16 million categorized by the modes of transportation: land transport 5,5; ferry 3,3; railway 3,1; airplane 2,5 and marine 1,6 million.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;"></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2pUOs1yvf6noB9SIVpDi16kQLQqC7hX-jCA9otbkfcIec8XEAhnWKec209AqaGS_rPlEcQKUC3-d281rw3duUuVaurRb1WQjt_XN4-9pg1gKcpu-KIyglZkontvXLMExKYVLm3eyaGNQ/s1600/exodus-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2pUOs1yvf6noB9SIVpDi16kQLQqC7hX-jCA9otbkfcIec8XEAhnWKec209AqaGS_rPlEcQKUC3-d281rw3duUuVaurRb1WQjt_XN4-9pg1gKcpu-KIyglZkontvXLMExKYVLm3eyaGNQ/s400/exodus-2.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">During the peak season, the travelers increased their journey-hours up to three to four times of the normal time. The government has taken extraordinary efforts to improve the transport infrastructure to minimize road congestion. Some roads’ sections had been widened by adding the number of lanes, cutting the elevation to flatten out some climbs, putting in operation some additional bridges parallel to the existing ones. The number of police personnel on duties was increased spread out in various regional districts to handle the traffics. In addition, the government took the responsibility to keep enough fuel stocks to meet the fuel demand hike during the season.<br />
<br />
Even though the potential train passengers increased significantly, to increase the passenger convenience the railway management "bravely" imposed for long distance routes a stringent regulation limiting the number of passengers in accordance with the seats available. For that reason, the number of intercity buses was increased to around 35,000, some of which to handle travelers who were not able to get the train tickets.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;"></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30Kf-zByKuBiV4TrdgsizIkcELfv4AZgXSWrgzmJEsXVGZtvX6YISFzYSOtc9AcQfbKNFVQQcrdgymFZxCLRhIzP3c6jxhyCBVlrJATcAN7NmB5YcSVOY3un2R6RVCEh0b8Z1OJrQF2Y/s1600/exodus-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30Kf-zByKuBiV4TrdgsizIkcELfv4AZgXSWrgzmJEsXVGZtvX6YISFzYSOtc9AcQfbKNFVQQcrdgymFZxCLRhIzP3c6jxhyCBVlrJATcAN7NmB5YcSVOY3un2R6RVCEh0b8Z1OJrQF2Y/s400/exodus-2.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">It is common to see motorcycle drivers bringing with them the whole family including small children. As the travel distance they took might reach 500 to 1000 km, the police forbade such practice and in certain routes parallel to the coast motorcycle passengers with children were asked to bring their motorcycle in the boat provided by the government for free. In addition, the police in cooperating with gas stations and mosques provided some modest rest points along the roads for motorcycle passengers. <br />
<br />
Under such massive exodus, human casualties due to traffic accidents could not be avoided. The number of casualties prior and after Eid-Fitr increased to around 4400 this year as compared to 2,400 last year, of which 630 died 1,070 heavily injured and 2,700 lightly injured. With the aim to reduce the accident and monitor the flow of the vehicles, the government had set 230 CCTVs in various critical points. <br />
<br />
This year Eid-al-Fitr celebration fell on August 31 which was determined based on the traditional lunar astronomical observation as against the astronomical computation. This arose controversy as the government stipulated the date only in the last minutes. Million of people had already prepared to celebrate the venerated day on August 30 in concordance with the public holiday stated in the calendar by cooking big meals for the visiting relatives or ordering meals through catering enterprises for groups who organized a big gathering.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<div>
<br /></div>
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSKq-gToUq1wYDU-EI5J1m582stPUBtec2EXay1pgkK956T7oGupjkJSoNjDgxWCqtdJU9jb8QK4Z2N19h-37jXOhx_H0tm6jxeNRUu_anyXjKfB1UbG0WDYX3-JKbLiA8JB5YWu93pw/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-56-31.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSKq-gToUq1wYDU-EI5J1m582stPUBtec2EXay1pgkK956T7oGupjkJSoNjDgxWCqtdJU9jb8QK4Z2N19h-37jXOhx_H0tm6jxeNRUu_anyXjKfB1UbG0WDYX3-JKbLiA8JB5YWu93pw/s400/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-56-31.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt;">After Eid-al-Fitr prayer people are used to enjoying the big meal together with the whole family. Following the government stipulation, however, as fasting continued for another day most festive meals were untouched and became rotten. In addition, the lengthy deliberation that the government held to get the final conclusion made people difficult to conduct “tarawih”, a night prayer performed during the fasting period, as the date was finally stipulated only late in the evening. <br />
<br />
Whatever method the government would take to determine the date of Eid-al-Fitr, it should be the most pragmatic one. Most people still rely on whatever the government decision and the long delay of such a decision would cause widespread confusion across the country as millions of families and business people should be ready to promptly change their plans.</span></div>
</div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2875025512179113568.post-36348796880873250912011-08-23T02:26:00.000-07:002019-04-27T00:58:27.092-07:00Isles for Sale<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indonesia is an archipelagic state consisting of more than 17,000 islands spread out along the equator at 5,000 kilometers long and 1,800 kilometers wide. Many of those are small isles which some traditionally become private properties handed down from generation to generation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Some private property companies who economically manage those isles have bought them from locals. Matter becomes worse as those companies, with or without the local government cooperation, resell those isles to foreigners. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This might happen as Law No. 27/ 2007 (article 13) allowing local governments to manage the isles under their jurisdiction is easily misinterpreted. Some people or companies deduce it too far as though they might have rights to sell the isles as stipulated in the article. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Even long before the law was stipulated, in some areas several isles </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">had been sold already. As early as the 1960s an isle and small coastal area in Lembata was sold by East Flores regent to a foreigner who converted it into a nice resort. Most locals were happy, albeit </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the prohibition for them to enter as they might have a chance to be hired as the resort employees. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIUi2SIH7eY5c316x0_eiVmVj-W2DTBV3xyelysmVK0QgTa_UnmzTvQurqNZHDaKle8tmPlGlHN30zEWVPFY4RFpySplZjGA0Bhiw_iZ_o-oqM6EXalFgQhFbDd26LCT7yzzPgETW6Az0/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-48-24.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIUi2SIH7eY5c316x0_eiVmVj-W2DTBV3xyelysmVK0QgTa_UnmzTvQurqNZHDaKle8tmPlGlHN30zEWVPFY4RFpySplZjGA0Bhiw_iZ_o-oqM6EXalFgQhFbDd26LCT7yzzPgETW6Az0/s400/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-48-24.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since 2002, the isle sales become common transactions in Batam, converted proprietorship of Petong, Abang, and Segayang to some foreigners. Some isles in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Mentawai, West Sumatra were sold online for around 3 million dollars each. However, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the local government hurriedly denied the sales saying that it was only a joint-venture exploiting the isles’ touristic potentials.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Similar online transactions offered seven isles in Karimun Jawa, off the coast of Central Java, followed by the sale of two isles in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, which was then converted to become an exclusive resort. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Other sales to mention are Tatawa in East Nusa Tenggara; Panjang and Meriah in West Nusa Tenggara; Bengkoang, Galeang, Kembang, Kumbang, Katang, Small and Big Krakals in Central Java. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On top of the Isles’ sale for resort or private proprietorship, some foreigners bought certain isles including Galang Baru in Riau Province for the use of, whether it was legal or not, dumping dangerous chemical waste. Other sales were Penempan, Pengalap, Tanjungrame, Segayang and Galang and Sebaik isles for sand mining, the products of which were exported for Singapore's coastal reclamation which is now totally put in halt.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0DKUr3NIYgoZEI6P-kio4IUpaK1BOFHlED7jjGl2BziDEo3-NXQM6vAIobJ1ss9-A_-aQCE19zzB2Hc1giGZV2mDz2m7D4Io6AYUOOStF9OCkZFu7Xv8Ndp_MocYhJqxcHUbI095Qmio/s1600/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-37-16.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0DKUr3NIYgoZEI6P-kio4IUpaK1BOFHlED7jjGl2BziDEo3-NXQM6vAIobJ1ss9-A_-aQCE19zzB2Hc1giGZV2mDz2m7D4Io6AYUOOStF9OCkZFu7Xv8Ndp_MocYhJqxcHUbI095Qmio/s320/PaperArtist_2013-08-12_11-37-16.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Some foreigners keep eyes on the management of national parks. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Komodo National Park, for example, which is under the management and jurisdiction of East Nusa Tenggara government, most of the shares are now at the hand of foreigners. To make things worse, a foreigner had bought and managed exclusively Bidadari Isle inside the Park sea waters and local fishermen who live there for many generations get no more access to the sea waters around the area.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another trick to get easily the ownership of isles or coastal areas is to marry local people. A certain rich foreigner married a local woman from Anambas isle in Natuna and established an exclusive nice resort under the name of his wife.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As such transactions have created a lot of problems, many locals people raised complaints to the government. Early this year, the Association of Indigenous People of Rempang-Galang Island filed their lawsuit to Constitutional Court against Batam mayor, ex-governor of Riau, and head of Regional Land Affairs Body for selling or renting 180 isles to foreigners. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Constitutional Court had paid serious attention to the affair and identified the weakness of the law. Following the judicial review, the Court dropped the article 13 of the Law No. 27/2007</span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">which was put into effect on June 16, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The isles are no longer for sale but tourists are welcome to come in.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
r.sudibjohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06551862137331552825noreply@blogger.com0